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LIBRARY 

OF  THF. 

University  of  California. 

GIFT    OF 


Class 


THE 


MODERN 


CITY 


By 
ADAM  DIXON  WARNER 

OF  THE  LOS  ANGELES  BAR 


THE 


MODERN 


CITY 


ADAM  DIXON  WARNER 

of  the  Los  Angeles  Bar 


Containing    the 

Author's    Answer 

to 

Hon.    David    S.    Rose 

Mayor  of  Milwaukee 

Delivered  at 

Salt 

Lake   City.    Dec.    5th, 

1909 

/                OF   THE              \ 

University 

OF 


Copyrighted  1910 

By 

Adam  Dixon  Warner 


1910 
BAUMGARDT  PUBLISHING  CO. 

Los  Angeles 


ADAM  DIXON  WARNER 


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The  Modern  City 


BY 

Adam  Dixon  Warner. 


"AND  HE  BUILDED  A  CITY." 


IT  TAKES  STRONG  MEN  TO  BUILD 
A  CITY: 

It  takes  strong,  resolute,  determined  men  to  make 
and  keep  a  modern  city  clean.  And  a  city  will  be 
good  and  clean  and  great,  just  as  its  men  and  women — 
its  society,  is  good  and  clean  and  great.  By  society 
I  mean  each  and  every  individual  unit ! — It  is  ^ou, 
and  it  is  I. 

In  the  last  analysis  society  is  a  concrete,  not  an 
abstract:  Each  mdividual  unit  in  the  social  system  is 
a  part  of  the  concrete  whole — society.  Society,  State, 
and  City,  are  almost  synonymous.  Society,  is  the  col- 
lective body  of  citizens  composing  a  place.  A  city, 
is  a  place  inhabited  by  a  large,  permanent,  organized 
community ;  and  the  Greek  mind  identifies  the  state 
and  city  so  completely,  that  there  is  but  one  word 
for    both. 

HenT))  Ward  Beecher  says,  "that  three  great  ele- 
ments enter  into  the  career  of  a  great  citizen,  viz.,  that 
which  his  ancestry  gives,  that  which  opportunity  gives; 
and  that  which  his  will  develops."  So,  if  human 
character  is  the  camera  of  human  development,  then 
civic  virtue,  will  be  just  what  the  genius  and  will  of 
'he   people   develop. 

The  proper  solution  of  the  many  complex  problems 
of  modern  city  life,  is  the  solution  of  the  greatest 
questions  of  the  century.  They  are  as  many  and  as 
varied,    as   are    the   vices   and   virtues   of   mankind. 


I^j610G 


The  Modern  Cit}) 


FUNCTION  OF  CIVIC  GOVERNMENT. 

The  city  is  the  oldest  poHtical  Unit  or  entity;  and 
because  of  its  facihties  for  closer  fellowship  and  closer 
contact  in  business  and  social  relations,  it  furnishes 
the  most  varied  ramifications  and  opportunities  for  civil 
and  moral  debasement;  and  not  only  this,  but  it  pro- 
vides the  very  highest  opportunities  for  all  economic  and 
sociological    improvement,    and    spiritual    development. 

Therefore,  the  true  function  of  civic  government 
should  be  the  very  highest  standard  of  excellence  and 
equipment  for  furnishing  its  people  and  the  visitor  with- 
in its  gales,  not  only  law  and  order,  but  the  very 
best  law  and  order;  the  best  water,  light,  heat,  health 
hygiene,  sanitation,  education,  recreation,  means  of 
communication  and  transportation;  and  most  important 
of  all,  the  Modern  City  must  provide  its  willing  toilers 
an  opportunity  to  toil  and  earn  a  livelihood.  If  it 
does  not,  it  will  have  idleness  and  all  its  accessories, — 
drunkenness    and    licentiousness,    and    decay. 

The  common  acceptation  of  the  word  "city" — in 
truth  and  in  fact,  not  only  the  modern,  but  the  medieval 
and  ancient  understanding  and  acceptation  of  the 
term  was,  and  is,  a  place  of  revelry,  riotous  living, 
lust,  loot,  plunder  and  power.  And  it  is  sad  to  con- 
template, but  it  is  nevertheless  true,  that  it  is  so  re- 
garded in  America  today.  But  the  polished  American 
political  plunderer  and  energetic  embezzler  of  power, 
has  sweetened  and  softened  his  unctuous  iniquity  by 
coining  a  new  word  to  cover  his  crimes.  The  raw 
plunder  of  autocratic  power  and  despotism,  has  given 
way  to  the  more  diplomatic  counting-room  corporatitis 
and  political  graftitis.  What  was  formerly  very  harsh- 
ly, but  correctly,  called,  conspiracy,  robbery,  or  loot, 
are  now  more  euphoniously  called  by  these  modern 
appellations.  What  the  road  agent  used  to  do  alone, 
is  now  done  by  a  number  of  gentlemen,  as  a  board 
of  directors. 

CITY  PLACE  OF  REFUGE. 

The  first  mention  of  city,  in  either  sacred  or  pro- 
fane history,  is  in  the  Bible,  Genesis  4:17:  "And  he 
builded  a  city."  And  again  in  Numbers  35:2,  when 
the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  in  the  plains  of  Moab 
by  Jordan  near  Jericho,  saying,  "Command  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel  that  they  give  unto  the  Levites  of  the 
inheritance  of  their  possession,  cities  to  dwell  in;  and 
ye  shall  give  also  unto  the  Levites.  suburbs  of  the  city 
round   about   them.      And   they   shall  be   unto  you  cities 


OF  THE 

"^RSITY 


The  Modern   Cit^ 


for  refuge  from  the  avenger;  that  the  manslayer  die 
not.  until  he  stand  before  the  congregation  in  judgment." 
In  Zechariah,  Jerusalem  is  called  the  "City  of  Truth, 
where  the  old  and  the  children  play  in  the  streets." 

So  it  IS  not,  as  has  been  often  erroneously  stated 
and  as  often  erroneously  practiced,  that  the  city  was 
originally  intended,  and  that  its  chief  function  was 
to  furnish  boodlmg  politicians  and  all  kinds  of  evil. 
But  on  the  contrary,  the  city  was,  as  we  have  seen, 
a  place  of  refuge.  A  place  where  justice  should  be 
supreme,  and  should  be  meted  out  to  all  men  alike. 
A  place  "where  the  old  and  the  children  could  play 
in  the  streets."  A  place  where  the  stranger  and  traveler 
were  sure  of  a  fair  and  impartial  trial  by  honest 
and  fearless  and  indep>endent  citizens,  free  from  politi- 
cal pull,  passion  or  prejudice.  It  was  intended  as 
the  place  where  everyone  was  safe,  and  would  be  sure 
of  a  square  deal.  It  was  the  place  where  the  law- 
makers, the  law-construers  and  the  law-enforcers  lived. 
It  was  the  place  where  the  multitude  of  the  people  heard 
the    law    expounded    and    justly    and    fairly    administerd. 

Every  lawyer  knows  that  the  comnion  law  of  today, 
and  the  statute  law  in  all  civilized  lands  had  their 
origin  in  the  law  of  Moses,  as  laid  down  in  these 
chapters  of  the  Old  Testament;  and  has  been  handed 
to  us  through  the  Justinian  Codes  and  Common  Law 
of  England; — making  the  observance  of  law  the  most 
sacred  principle  of  government  and  citizenship. 

What  more  ennobling  or  patriotic  sight  can  you  wit- 
ness than  to  go  into  your  courtroom  and  see  his  Honor 
on  the  bench,  and  over  his  head  the  perfect  square 
with  the  words,  government,  law,  justice,  truth  on  the 
corners;  and  the  scales  of  equal  and  exact  justice  in 
the  center,  with  the  inscription  "Fiat  Justitia," — mean- 
ing, let  justice  be  done.  This  is  one  of  the  institu- 
tions that  makes  us  love  our  cities  and  our  government 
and  our  flag,  and  makes  us  patriots. 

THE  GREEK  CITY. 

In  the  course  of  history,  the  significance  of  the  term, 
"city"  has  varied.  We  read.  "  the  cities  of  the  East, 
in  the  valley  of  the  Euphrates  were  mere  congeries 
(that  is  collections)  of  subjects  whom  a  wall  and  a 
ditch  shut  in."  The  ancient  Greek  city,  was  itself 
a  state,  with  its  own  policy  and  its  own  religion;  and 
while  it  remained  a  city  administered  all  its  affairs, 
external  and  internal.  Its  form  of  government  varied 
chiefly  according  to  the  number  who  were  admitted  to 
full   citizenship,   and   might  be   oligarchic   or  democratic. 


8  The  Modern   C//\j 


but  even  when  nnost  democratic  only  a  fraction  of  the 
population  had  the  rights  of  citizenship.  In  Athens  at 
one  time,  there  were  400,000  slaves,  1 0,000  resident 
aliens  and   only   2 1 ,000   male  citizens  of   adult   age. 

The  cities  of  the  Roman  Republic  were  of  the 
same  type,  but  under  the  Empire,  a  city  became  simply 
an  administrative  unit  in  the  Empire,  and  Roman 
citizenship  ceased  to  be  distinguished  from  the  condi- 
tion of  a   Latin  subject. 

The  city  in  medieval  times  occupied  a  very  different 
position.  In  Southern  France  and  Northern  Italy,  the 
cities  were  the  inheritors  of  the  tradition  of  the  ancient 
city;  but  in  the  North,  they  arose  slow'ly  from  humble 
origins  and  had  to  buy  their  privileges,  and  to  main- 
tain them  often  by  force  of  arms.  The  medieval  city 
was  based  not  on  war,  but  on  hard  work  and  com- 
merce, rather  than  on  conquest.  As  was  especially  the 
case  with  the  Hanseatic  towns  and  the  great  industrial 
towns  of  Flanders  and  South  Germany.  Where  the 
central  power  was  weak  as  in  Germany,  or  non-existent 
as  in  Italy,  the  cities  approximated  to  the  Greek  type; 
but  in  England,  they  never  achieved  independence  of 
the  central  authority  and  had  local,  rather  than  self- 
government, — as  the  cities  grew  in  wealth  and  im- 
portance, their  constitution,  at  first  purely  democratic 
became  oligarchic — then  despotic — and  then  came  the 
mob. 

This  very  thing  is  true  of  the  cities  of  the  oldest 
times.  They  were  first  cities  of  refuge,  but  as  they 
grew  in  wealth  and  importance,  they  became  the  prey 
of  wealth  and  power  and  from  democratic  cities  of 
refuge,  they  became  oligarchic  and  corrupt,  and  because 
of  their  corruption  were  destroyed. 

VULGAR  ORGIES  OF  VULGAR  RICH. 

Ur,  the  first  city,  Sodom  and  Gomorrah,  Babylon. 
Nineveh,  Jericho,  Pompeii,  Corinth,  Sidon,  Thebes. 
Carthage.  Alexandria  and  Paphos.  on  the  Island  of 
Cyprus,  where.  Burton  in  his  book,  says;  "the  shrine 
of  Aphridite  was  a  temple  of  sanctified  licentiousness. 
A  form  of  religion  which  has  so  attached  ignominy  to 
the  soil  on  which  its  temple  was  founded,  that  it  has 
given  us  the  almost  unprintable  epithet, — Cyprian" — 
each  and  all  fell,  and  were  utterly  destroyed. 

To  realize  the  depths  of  moral  degradation,  when 
Venus  was  worshipped  at  Paphos.  and  when  Pompeii 
was  the  art  gallery  of  the  world,  one  only  has  to  read 
Paul's  Epistle  to  the  Romans — the  epistles  of  Horace, 
or  the  satires  of  Juvenal;  and  to  think  of  the  unprintable 


The  Modern   C/'/p 


or  unspeakable  practices  in  the  "thoughts"  of  Marcus 
AureHus. 

What  think  you,  wrought  the  destruction  of  these 
cities  and  Rome  and  Paris,  and  forced  the  intermittent 
decay  of  citizenship  and  character?  Search  history 
as  you  may,  and  speculate  to  the  furthest  extent  of 
imagination's  capacity,  and  there  will  be  but  one 
answer:  The  lust  and  greed  and  vulgar  orgies  of  the 
Vulgar  rich! 

The  sanctified  licentiousness  of  Paphos  and  the  art 
galleries  of  Pompeii,  are  all  outstaged  and  outdone 
today  in  America,  by  the  Cyprian  degradation  and  lust 
engendered  by  "The  Girl  from  Rectors,"  and  its  ilk, 
and  the  licensed  saloon-restaurants  and  bagnios  and 
madhouses  of  our  American  cities,  to  make  business 
out  of  the  morals  of  your  sons  and  daughters.  The 
modern  city  must  drive  these  evil  forces  in  government, 
the  saloon,  licentiousness  and  the  graft  machine,  out  of 
government  with  its  best  citizenship,  or  the  history  of  the 
cities  of  old  will  be  repeated. 

CHARACTER  IN  CITIES. 

As  it  was  political  and  business  dishonesty  that  bred 
corruption  of  morals,  and  destroyed  these  cities  of  olden 
time,  it  is  the  same  political  and  business  dishonesty, 
extravagance,  dishonesty  with  God,  and  irreligious, 
pantheistic  subterfuges  of  the  times,  that  have  made 
civic  government  in  American  cities,  the  blackest  spots 
in  American  history. 

Horace  Greely  said;  "Fame  is  vapor.  Popularity  is 
an  accident.  Riches  take  wings.  Those  who  cheer  to- 
day will  curse  tomorrow.  Only  one  thing  endures — 
Character." 

Character  in  a  nation,  is  but  character  of  its  people. 
Character  in  a  city,  is  the  character  of  its  citizens — 
and  when  I  speak  of  character,  I  do  not  mean  repu- 
tation. Character  and  reputation  are  widely  different. 
Character  lives  in  a  man; — reputation  outside  of  him. 
Character  is  what  one  is.  Reputation  is  what  one  is 
thought  to  be.  Character  is  the  individuality  which 
man  possesses  as  the  product  of  nature,  habits  and 
environments.  Reputation  is  what  one's  friends  or 
enemies  may  think  of  him.  Character  is  both  pro- 
genitor and  product  of  industry.  I  never  saw  a  man 
of  character,  who  was  not  a  man  of  industry;  nor  an 
industrious  man,  who  was  not  a  man  of  some  con- 
siderable character.  Character  is  both  father  and  son 
of   industry.      Character   then,    must   be   the   most   potent 


10  The  Modern  Cifl; 


and   paramount   factor  in  the   life  of   cities   and   nations, 
as  it  is  in  individuals. 

Jesus  of  Nazareth  was  slandered  and  damned,  spat 
upon,  stoned  and  crucified  as  a  criminal  on  the  cross, 
yet  his  character  lives,  and  will  live  forever.  Martin 
Luther  was  branded,  maligned  and  stowed  away  by 
his  friends,  to  keep  his  enemies  from  doing  him  harm. 
George  Washington  was  denounced,  hated  and 
threatened.  While  the  immortals,  Jefferson,  who  wrote 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  Lincoln,  who 
wrote  the  Proclamation  of  Emancipation — two  docu- 
ments that  go  hand  in  hand  in  sublimity  with  the  ten 
commandments,  were  charged  with  everything  that  slan- 
der's tongues  could  magnify  and  circulate,  and  the 
one  was  murdered. 

And  during  the  last  ten  years  and  to  this  very  hour, 
nearly  every  man  who  has  patriotically  fought  for  clean 
government,  and  the  dethronement  of  corruption  in  our 
cities  and  states  has  been  vilified  by  slander;  and  has  had 
his  reputation  blasted  in  the  minds  of  many  people; — 
but  yet,  their  characters  stand  out  in  bold  relief  as  our 
greatest  patriots. 

PRESENT-DAY  PATRIOTS. 

La  Follette  and  Bryan  and  Roosevelt,  a  triune  of 
present  day  patriots,  that  will  adorn  history's  pages  as 
gloriously  as  the  names  of  Washington.  Jefferson  and 
Lincoln,  have  been  maligned  and  slandered  as  dema- 
gogues by  a  trust-bought  and  trust-owned  press.  Gover- 
nor Folk,  of  Missouri,  who  started  Civic  Reformation 
in  "Modern  City  Government,"  has  been  slandered,  so 
one  could  hear  anything  he  wanted  to  about  him  in 
the  city  of  St.  Louis.  Heney,  in  San  Francisco,  is 
charged  with  being  everything  that  slander  can  think 
of,  or  buy;  and  his  attempted  assassination,  while  try- 
ing to  bring  criminals  to  justice,  simply  shows  how 
far  unbridled  power  will  go  to  thwart  any  interference 
with  its  lust,  or  greed  or  power.  Judge  Lindsay  in 
Denver,    has  been   the   victim   of   its   corrupting   assaults. 

A  less  strong  man  than  Pinchot  would  have  been 
driven   from  public   life  for  doing  his  duty. 

For  reading  the  political  traitors — the  dive-keepers 
and  saloon-keepers  out  of  the  State  and  County  con- 
ventions of  the  Democratic  party  of  California,  I  have 
been  charged  with  everything  in  the  calendar  of  crime 
their  dirty  tongues  can  circulate.  Men's  reputations 
may  be  blasted  as  easily  as  you  would  crush  a  rose; 
but  their  characters  will  endure  forever. 

It's  music  to  the  soul   to  sometimes  sit  and  hear  and 


The  Modern   Citv  1  I 


see  an  honest  man  rise  and  lash  the  machine.  I  sat 
in  Simpson  Auditorium  one  night  and  chuckled  my 
sides  sore  to  hear  the  biggest  man  in  California — Gover- 
nor Gage — unmercifully  pour  a  compound  of  tartaric 
acid,  vitrol,  wormwood,  iron,  sarcasm,  pity  and  dis- 
gust mto  the  self-mflicted  wounds  of  the  old  Jade. 
Governor  Pardee  has  often  paid  his  respects  to  her 
for  his  daring  to  refuse  to  take  orders.  And  Joseph 
H.  Call  has  exposed  the  transportation  robbery  as  no 
other  man  in  America  has  ever  done.  Thank  God 
for  this  kind  of  men !  Give  me  a  hundred  more  big 
patriots  like  these,  and  this  nation  can  be  freed  from 
the  monopolistic  industrial,  transportation,  financial  and 
moral  slavery  of  both  civic  and  national  government. 

INFLUENCE  OF  CHARACTER. 

As  Lincoln  and  Jefferson  and  Washington  were 
ahead  of  their  time,  and  lifted  the  people  on  to  higher 
planes  of  citizenship  and  government,  so  did  Abraham, 
Isaac  and  Jacob  of  old,  in  turn,  influence  morality,  and 
make  it  not  only  progressive,  but  aggressive.  Later, 
the  sweet  simplicity  and  purity  of  the  patriarchial  He- 
brews was  overcome  by  the  gross  immorality  of  the 
Philistines,  and  as  immorality  grew,  religion  and  charac- 
ter decayed. 

The  dramas  of  Aeschylus  and  Euripides,  were  writ- 
ten within  a  century,  and  yet,  the  conditions  had  so 
changed,  that  lust  and  greed  took  the  place  of  virtue 
and  fair-dealing,  and  patriotism  had  dwindled  to  a 
mockery.  Horace  scoffed  at  the  gods  of  the  days  of 
Cincinnatus  and  the  patriotism  of  the  old  Romans, 
sunk  to  a  low  plane  of  social  vice.  The  indelible 
impress  of  Socrates,  the  father  of  philosophy,  upon 
the  world's  education ;  the  wisdom  of  Aristotle ;  the 
profundity  of  reasoning  of  Plato;  and  the  thundering 
oratory  of  Demosthenes  awakened  Athenian  patriotism 
until  Corinth  and  Athens  gloried  in  their  overmastering 
genius  and  citizenship,  that  were  later  despoiled  by  the 
lust  and  greed  of  the  Macedonians. 

Again  the  crowning  glorv  of  all  ancient  or  medieval 
Roman  civilization,  through  the  genius  and  general- 
ship of  the  world's  master,  Julius  Caesar,  and 
the  oratory  of  Cicero,  reached  its  zenith  in  the  reign 
of  Augustus  that  gave  us  Horace,  Virgil,  Livy  and 
Ovid,  was  within  a  half  century,  dripping  \vith  the 
barbarisms  and  licentiousness  of  Tiberius  and  Caligula, 
and  the  unspeakable  atrocities  of  Nero,  that  palsy  the 
human   mind. 

Later.     Charlemagne     and     a     handful     of     sincerely 


1  2  The   Modern   Ci/l; 


religious  and  patriotic  Frenchmen  founded  schools 
.of  morality  all  through  Western  Europe — erected 
Notre  Dame,  in  Paris  and  lifted  not  only  France, 
but  all  of  Western  Europe  out  of  ignorance,  vice 
and  depravity,  onto  a  high  moral  plane  of  pro- 
gressive citizenship  and  character.  Again,  the  mass 
of  the  people,  through  extravagance  and  lust  for 
gold  became  lost  to  God  and  wholly  irreligious, 
and  the  reign  of  terror  followed  that  knew  no  virtue 
and  forgot  no  vice.  The  excesses  of  that  awful  time 
are  unmatched  in  history. 


PROFLIGACIES  OF  HISTORY. 


The  profligacies  of  history,  that  caused  the  destruc- 
tion of  ancient  and  medieval  civilization  have  been  re- 
peated during  the  last  thirty  years  with  more  marked 
effect. 

It  is  true,  that  the  people  of  America,  have  not  yet 
been  "wrapped  in  flax,  dipped  in  pitch,  fastened  to 
poles,  set  up  about  the  promenades  and  summer-houses, 
and  lighted  for  torches;  while  the  groaning  and  writh- 
ing human  candelabra  burned  to  the  sockets,  the 
Emperor  and  his  friends  caroused  and  feasted  until 
the  blackened  feet  of  the  expiring  torches  dropped  into 
darkness."  But  they  have  groaned,  and  have  been 
"saddled  and  ridden,  legitimately,"  by  excessive  taxa- 
tion since  the  Civil  War;  and  are  now  "writhing"  under 
the  oppression  of  THREE  MEN,  controlling  all  finan- 
cial, industrial  and  transportation  life  of  the  country. 
They  have  seen  food-stuffs  disappear  from  their  tables 
for  the  want  of  the  price;  while  the  Caesars,  and  Cali- 
gulas  and  Neros  of  today,  are  billionaires,  through  un- 
just  tariff-robbery   and   special   privilege. 

These  present-day  Neros  may  not  "prick"  a  name, 
or   "butcher   and    burn    a    Carthage." 

It  pays  better  and  is  more  respectable,  to  absorb 
a  railroad  and  increase  the  bond  issue  a  hundred  million. 

It  pays  better  to  work  in  their  Wall  Street  butcher- 
shops  and  have  their  "tribunes  and  senators,"  absorb  the 
coal  and  iron  and  oil  and  lead  and  copper  and  water- 
powers  and  harbors  and  transportation  lines  and  graz- 
ing lands  and  farm-products,  and  ^.v  the  price  to  the 
consumer. 

It  pays  better  to  form  a  Steel  Trust  of  fourteen 
hundred  million  out  of  one-fourth  of  the  value! 

1  hey  have  profited  by  the  experiences  of  two 
thousand    years!       Will    they    escape    the    consequences? 


The   Modern   Cil^  I  3 


PRESENT-DAY   CAESARS. 

There  is  nothing  in  history,  to  compare  with  the 
potential  influence  that  has  been  exerted  on  the  plastic 
American,  through  the  library  and  college  subsidization 
scheme  of  the  last  twenty  years,  by  the  heads  of  the  most 
merciless,  far-reaching  and  exacting  trusts  the  world 
has  ever  known.  The  exaction  of  tribute  by  the 
Caesars  and  Kmgs  of  the  oldest  times,  was  trivial  petty- 
larceny  in  comparison  to  the  covert  skillful  tariff  rob- 
bery of  the  wife,  widow  and  child  of  the  farmer  and 
toiler,  under  the  guise  and  pretense  of  aiding  a  strug- 
gling infant;  when  it  has  been,  in  fact,  to  fill  the  coffers 
of  a  gianl  and  permit  the  triune  head — Rockefeller, 
Carnegie  and  Morgan — to  bribe  a  nation  to  its  own 
despoilment  by  appropriating  a  fractional  part  of  the 
stolen  money  to  endow  colleges  and  build  libraries  and 
art  galleries,  and  make  the  people  beg  for  more;  while 
they  approvingly  submit  to  being  robbed  in  order 
that  the  names  of  these  present-day  Caesars  may  have 
a  passport  to  respectability  in  the  halls  of  fame;  and 
the  people  may  enjoy  some  of  the  benefits  of  the  tainted 
money. 

When  a  civilization  gets  to  this  stage  it  is  high 
time  for  every  man  and  woman  to  think,  and  to  act 
and  vote,  and  vote  intelligently,  to  save  the  nation. 

The  nation  or  the  city  that  permits  its  citizenship 
to   be   despoiled    for   gold   or   power,    despoils   itself. 

The  history  of  the  world  is,  that  when  man  became 
rich  and  lustful,  cities  became  corrupt  and  despotic. 
Plato  tells  us,  "The  more  men  think  of  making  a 
fortune,  the  less  they  think  of  virtue;  for  when  riches 
and  virtue  are  placed  together  in  the  scales  of  the 
balance,    the   one   always  rises   as   the  other   falls." 

When  man  became  lazy,  lethargic  and  dependent  upon 
others,  he  became  lustful  and  the  cities  decayed.  When 
man  became  powerful  through  money,  he  became  op- 
pressive ;  and  following  despotism  came  the  mob. 

DARK  AGES. 

When  man  became  corrupt,  corruption  ensued  in  the 
cities,  and  the  Dark  Ages  followed ;  and  it  took  nine 
hundred  years  for  the  people  to  shake  off  the  inheri- 
tance of  profligacy,  corruption,  oppression  and  want. 
It  became  so  bad  that  the  business  of  the  cities  was 
war.  And  strange  as  it  may  appear,  it  is  nevertheless 
true,  that  the  most  flagrant  cases  of  graft  in  our  cities, 
have  been  those  dealing  with  public  franchises  granted 
to    private    corporations;     and     farming    out    to    private 


14  The  Modern   Cit^ 

corp>orations,  the  functions  of  government — the  very 
means  of  existence,  mamtenance  and  support  of  the 
civil  government,  that  should  have  been  most  jealously 
guarded  for  posterity. 

The  value  of  these  franchises  that  have  been  stolen 
during  the  last  twenty  years  would  pay  off  the  national 
debt. 

The  court  records  of  our  cities  disclose  not  only  the 
necessity  of  absolute  control  of  public  utilities;  but  dis- 
close the  necessity  of  some  control  over  the  ordinary 
business  transactions  of  men  to  insure  honest  and  square 
dealing. 

Some  men  say,  that  you  cannot  make  a  man  honest 
by  law.  That  may  be  literally  true.  But  you  can  pre- 
vent him  from  being  too  dishonest.  You  can  scare 
dishonesty  into  honesty  by  law.  Law  and  the  courts 
may  never  make  a  man  charitable  or  philanthropic  or 
patriotic;  but  they  will  prevent  him  from  disturbing  and 
degrading  society ;  they  can  prevent  him  from  being 
cruel;  and  they  will  prevent  him  from  practicing  pre- 
cepts that  tend  to  lower,  rather  than  elevate  the  moral 
plane  of  society.  So,  while  it  may  be  true  that  law 
will  not  accomplish  the  individual  reformation ;  yet,  it 
is  theoretically,  scientifically  and  experimentally  true  that 
properly   enforced    law   regulates   society. 

And  at  last,  the  rights  and  liberties  guaranteed  by 
the  constitution,  are  no  more  nor  less  than  regulated 
liberty- — or  liberty  regulated  by  law.  Religious  lib- 
erty, if  you  please.  I  do  not  mean  religious,  in  the 
sense  of  dogma  or  creed,  but  ethically  religious — 
doing  right.  All  pages  of  history  record  men  truly 
virtuous,  when  and  where  we  find  them  truly  re- 
ligious; and  the  converse  of  the  proposition  is  equally 
true. 

MORALITY   AND    PROGRESS. 

It  is  a  truism  of  history,  that  morality  and  progress 
have  died  together  where  and  when  true  religious  wor- 
ship   has    retrograded. 

I  am  no  preacher;  I  have  never  received  the  highest 
commission  given  to  man — to  preach  Jesus  Christ. 
But  I  say  to  you,  as  an  experienced  man  of  the  world, 
who  has  practised  law  and  politics  in  the  West  for 
thirty  years  and  knows  something  of  the  machinations 
of  men  and  vices  of  the  times,  that  \T  you  tear  down 
your  churches,  you  will  tear  down  your  citadels,  and 
cities    and   citizenship. 

And  to  tear  down  your  churches  you  need  not 
physically    tear    them    down.       AH    you    have    to    do    to 


The  Modern  Cit\)  1  5 

tear  them  down,  is  to  empty  them  or  destroy  their 
influence.  And  every  time  you  issue  a  hcense  to  a 
brothel  or  gambhng  hell  or  a  saloon,  you  issue  a 
•license  to  minimize  and  destroy,  not  only  the  influence 
of  the  church,  but  the  influence  of  the  school,  the 
library  and  the  home  and  fireside.  And  I  say  to  you, 
that  of  all  the  forces  for  evil  the  saloon  is  the  most 
insidious  and  debasing  to  good  government  and  good 
citizenship. 

Its  only  hope  for  existence  and  profit  is  in  emptying 
the  churches  and  schools  and  in  building  saloons,  and 
making  drunkards  and  harlots  and  orphans  and  paupers 
and  idiots  and  a  lower,  baser  citizenship. 

The  baser  and  lower  the  standard  of  civil  government 
and  citizenship,  the  more  prolific  is  the  supply  and 
profit  of  the  saloon.  The  lower  the  citizenship  and 
government,  the  greater  the  patrons  and  customers  of 
the  saloon.  The  more  customers,  the  greater  the  sales  and 
the  greater  the  profit.  The  greater  the  profit,  the  more 
saloons,  and  the  more  saloons,  the  more  victims.  The 
frightful  increase  in  the  accursed  liquor  traffic  and'  saloon 
during  the  last  twenty  years,  until  in  1907,  we  con- 
sumed 19'/2  gallons  per  capita,  threatened  the  very 
fabric  of  our  institutions.  And  the  very  dangers  that 
destroyed  the  governments  and  cities  of  old  were  upon 
us,  eating  out  our  vitals  in  the  debasement  of  civic 
virtue.  Forty  years  ago,  when  I  was  a  boy,  every- 
thing was  done  on  honor.  Now  nearly  everything  is 
done  for  "What's  in  it."  Citizenship  and  character  have 
been  debased,  until  character  is  now  defined  as,  "How 
much  has  he  got." 

JUSTICE  AND  LIBERTY. 

The  story  of  Hercules  by  Euripides,  has  been  re- 
peated a  thousand  times  in  the  evolution  of  intellectual 
and  moral  development. 

As  Babylon  and  Corinth  were  loathsome  cesspools 
of  depravity  in  comparison  to  the  later  new  Jerusalem, 
so  the  improvement  in  Thebes  over  Babylon  was  re- 
flected a  hundredfold  in  the  higher  citizenship  of 
Athens.  As  Washington  and  Jefferson  and  Lincoln 
tower  over  Charlemagne  and  Napoleon  and  Wellington, 
so  did  Paul  over  Elijah,   and  David  over  Abraham. 

Emerson  says:  "Every  institution  is  but  the  length- 
ened shadow  of  a  man."  This  truth  is  exemplified 
in  the  foregoing  and  in  the  axiomatic  fact,  that  civili- 
zation of  a  nation  or  a  community  will  be  high  or  low, 
just  as  the  individual  citizenship  is  high  or  low.      And 


16  The  Modern   Ci'/p 


citizenship  can  only  be  measured  by  the  yardstick  of 
character  and  righteousness. 

The  infinite  wisdom  of  an  omniscient  and  immacu- 
late God  has  inculcated  in  the  heart  of  every  patriot 
that  the  world  has  produced,  the  knowledge  that  the 
greatest  happiness  of  a  p>eople  consists  in  absolute 
justice  between  the  governing  power  and  the  governed, 
rh^s  is  priceless  liberty,  the  synonym  of  Christian  right- 
eousness. 

It  was  love  of  this  priceless  jewel — Liberty — that 
animated  Cicero  and  Demosthenes  and  made  the 
Scipio's  plead  for  the  Republic.  For  this  Thomas 
Wentworth,  Martin  Luther  and  Robert  Emmet,  laid 
down  their  lives  as  patriots  of  peace.  For  this  these 
United  States  have  been  twice  bathed  in  blood  and  al- 
most died,  to  arise  again  nobler,  grander  and  more  ma- 
jestic, until  they  are  the  brightest  stars  in  the  world's 
civilization  and  Christian  righteousness.  The  law  of 
Moses  and  the  sermon  on  the  Mount  have  rocked  the 
cradle  of  intelligence  and  enlightment  until  virtue  and 
fair-dealing  have  evolved  Christian  righteousness  out  of 
lustful  sensuality,  in  a  thousand  instances  in  the  world's 
history  and  reformed  public  opinion. 

THE  BIBLE  AND  COUNTRY. 

Without  any  apology  to  any  human  being,  I  base 
what  I  have  to  say  for  the  protection  and  elevation 
of  civic  government  and  the  human  race,  squarely  upon 
the  Bible.  Upon  that  Book,  that  the  great  scientist, 
Huxley  said:  "Was  the  Magna  Charta  of  the  poor 
and  oppressed.  That  for  three  centuries  has  been  woven 
into  the  life  of  all  that  is  noblest  and  best  in  our 
history,  and  has  become  the  nationl  epic  of  our  race. 
*  *  *  Nowhere  is  the  fundamental  truth  that  the 
welfare  of  the  State,  in  the  long  run  depends  upon 
the  righteousness  of  the  citizen,  so  strongly  laid  down. 
The   Bible   is  the  most  democratic  book  in   the  world." 

I  believe  in  the  Bible,  I  believe  in  its  inspiration, 
I  believe  in  its  ethics  and  morals,  I  believe  in  its 
democratic  doctrines.  And  I  believe  it  to  be  the 
most  sacred  and  sublime  philosophy  ever  handed  to  the 
human  race.  And  I  repeat  with  emphasis,  the  sacred 
words  of  the  Father  of  our  country,  when  he  said:  "No 
people  can  be  bound  to  acknowledge  and  adore  the  in- 
visible hand  which  conducts  the  affairs  of  men.  more 
than  the  people  of  the  United  States.  Every  step  by 
which  they  have  advanced  to  the  character  of  an  inde- 
pendent nation,  seems  to  have  been  distinguished  by 
some   token  of  providential   agency."      What  a   legacy! 


The  Modern   Cit^  1  7 

What  an  inspiration  to  every  officer  and  citizen  to 
patriotically  and  faithfully  fulfill  his  full  duty  to  the 
city  and  stale  and  nation ! 

These  words  of  the  mighty  Washington,  are  and 
have  been  true  from  the  very  hour,  when  some  time 
in  1486,  a  poor  wayfaring  stranger  was  begging  from 
the  porter  at  the  convent  gate  of  St.  Mary,  about  a 
mile  from  the  little  port  of  Palos,  in  Spain;  and  was 
afterwards  scoffed  at  when  he  said  the  world  was 
round  and  that  he  wanted  to  discover  and  explore 
a  new  world  to  the  westward.  The  same  "mighty 
hand"  that  conducts  the  affairs  of  men,  formulated  the 
public  opinion  in  that  case,  that  resulted  ultimately 
in  the  United  States  of  America.  That  same  mighty 
force  formulates  public  opinion  today  in  the  great  cities, 
towns,  hamlets  and  firesides  of  America,  from  which 
the  victims  of  tyrannical  power  and  despotic  intolerance 
everywhere,  shall  receive  continuating  messages,  that 
American  homes  and  American  soil  and  American 
institutions  shall  ever  remain  havens  of  security,  refuge 
and  fair  treatment   for  the  oppressed  of  all  climes. 

CIVILIZED  OPINION. 

I  want  to  remind  the  American  cities  and  the 
American  people,  before  it  is  too  late,  that  as  the 
greatest  motive  force  of  popular  strength  is  the  world's 
civilized  opinion ;  and  nothing  being  truer  than  the 
fact,  that  public  opinion  is  but  the  reflex  of  combined 
individual  thought,  it  becomes  mandatory  that  citizen- 
ship and  the  very  highest  Christian  civilization  must  be 
the  paramount  question,  in  both  civic  and  national 
government. 

The  world's  civilized  opinion — that  mighty  world 
force,  was  born  on  the  shores  of  America.  It  budded 
and  bloomed  and  has  nurtured  and  grown  as  we  grew. 
The  boy  who  trod  through  the  woods  on  the  banks 
of  the  Monongahela  and  slept  in  frozen  clothes  on 
brush  piles,  to  avoid  the  treacheries  of  the  untutored 
savage  and  became  the  father  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  was  the  father  of  civilized  public  opinion. 
Before  it,  the  corner  stones  and  pillars  of  oppressive 
temples  of  autocracy  and  despotism  everywhere  must 
crumble. 

The  revolution  of  France,  Turkey,  Mexico  and 
Greece  and  Lincoln's  Emancipation  of  the  world,  the 
result  of  civilized  public  opinion,  have  set  all  slaves 
free.  The  proclamation  has  been  writ.  God  ordained 
it.  Jesus  of  Nazareth  proclaimed  it.  Washington  and 
Jefferson  and  Lincoln  enforced  it  on  these  shores.      And 


18  The  Modern  City 


no  matter,  whether  in  the  jungles  of  darkest  Africa, 
Yucatan,  or  at  our  very  doors  in  the  ^  aqui  country  in 
Mexico.  No  matter  of  what  particular  character  it  par- 
takes, whether  it  be  bodily  slavery,  financial  slavery, 
toiling  slavery,  or  moral  slavery,  it  cannot  have — it  shall 
not  have  a  place  to  lay  its  dirty  dragon  head  before  the 
world's  civilized  public  opinion.  It  is  a  relic  of  the 
past.  It  cannot  exist  in  the  same  atmosphere  with 
Liberty  and  Freedom.  Civilized  public  opinion  "is 
what  restrams  men  from  injuring  one  another  and  yet, 
leaves  theme  free  to  direct  and  regulate  their  own  pur- 
suits of  honest  endeavor  and  to  provide  an  honest  re- 
ward for  that  endeavor."  This  is  the  sum  total  of 
good  government.  This  is  but  in  its  last  analysis,  the 
final  result  of  all  secular  teachings  of  the  lowly 
Nazarene,  tending  to  fit  us  for  the  higher  spiritual 
development. 

MILITARISM  BREEDS  DESPOTISM. 

The  tendency  toward  militarism,  is  and  ever  has  been 
the  pathway  to  despotism.  One  of  the  dangers  to 
our  peace,  liberties  and  rights,  lurkingly  lies  in  the 
abuse  of  power;  and  the  toleration  by  the  people  of 
infringement  of  their  constitutional  safeguards  in  the 
pernicious  and  detestable  practices,  that  have  grown  up 
in  the  police  power.  The  toleration  of  the  barbaric 
and  despotic  disregard  of  constitutional  rights  of  the 
citizen,  by  the  police  in  the  "sweating  system,"  the 
"third  degree"  and  the  "blackhole"  illegally  maintained 
in  American  cities,  is  as  dangerous  and  menacing  to 
the  peace,  happiness  and  welfare  of  a  people  as  are  the 
economic  and  sociological  evils  that  every  right  thinking 
man  wants  to  remedy. 

And  the  deliberate  violation  of  the  rights  guaranteed 
by  every  State  Constitution  and  the  National  Constitu- 
tion, the  right  to  a  trial  hv  jurv  and  the  imprisonment 
of  patriots  of  industry  and  peace  without  such  trial,  is 
the  most  threatening  danger  that  has  menaced  this  Re- 
public, since  the  hrst  shot  at  Fort  Sumpter. 

In  it  all  the  liberties  of  the  people  are  restored  to 
the  "Judges;"  from  whom  they  were  taken  by  Wash- 
ington. Franklin  and  Jefferson  and  the  other  fathers. 
For  these  liberties,  these  United  States  came  into 
existence.  For  these  liberties  this  land  was  bathed  in 
blood  by  our  fathers.  For  these  liberties  my  great  great 
grandfather  died  at  Ticonderoga.  For  these  liberties, 
every  pulpit  and  platform  must  cry  aloud.  For  these 
liberties,  every  home  and  fireside  must  become  an  elec- 
tion   booth    to    educate    the    people,    that    if    this    be    the 


The  Modern  dtp 


19 


law,  then  that  law  must  be  changed,  or  down  will 
go  this  Republic  into  the  most  merciless  despotism  the 
world  has   ever   known. 

The  liberties  of  this  people  are  the  axioms  of  the 
laiv  of  Cod,  as  proclaimed  bv  Moses  and  taught  b\) 
Jesus  of  Nazareth. 

Powers  in  his  preface  to  the  plays  of  Euripides, 
says:  "Religion  is  natural  to  the  human  mind;  and 
when  the  early  ages  sunk  to  thAt  miserable  blindness, 
as  to  lose  sight  of  the  true  God,  who  revealed  Himself 
to  their  progenitors,  they  looked  up  to  the  Heavens  in 
their  blindness  and  struck  with  its  majesty  and  the 
admiration  of  the  universe,  supposed  the  sun  and  moon 
to  be  the  eternal  and  first  Gods." 

The  voice  of  antiquity  is  uniform  in  this ;  the  earliest 
account  we  have  is  from  the  Fragment  of  Sanchoniatho, 
which  tells  us  "Aeon  and  Protagoras  in  times  of  drought 
stretched  their  hands  to  the  Heavens  towards  the  Sun; 
for  this  they  esteemed  as  God  the  sole  lord  of  the 
Heaven."  Diodorus  Siculus  says  the  same  thing  of  the 
Egyptians,  and  Herodotus  gives  us  a  similar  account 
of  the  ancient  Persians  and  Libyans ;  this  Hyde  calls 
the  interpolation.  And  Plato  says  that  the  earliest 
Grecians  worshiped  the  Sun  and  the  Moon,  and  the 
Earth  and  the  Stars,  and  the  Heavens,  as  many  bar- 
barians do  now. 

LAW  OF  GOD  IS  REGULATED  LIBERTY. 


Tully,  in  the  first  book  of  his  Tusculan  Disputa- 
tions, arguing  for  the  existence  of  the  soul  after  death, 
proves  from  the  pontifical  law  and  the  inviolable  cere- 
monies of  sepulture  that  death  is  not  a  privation  of 
being,  but  a .  migration  of  life,  which  leads  illustrious 
persons  to  the  skies,  he  instances  in  Romulus,  and  says, 
that  Rome  derived  this  opinion  from  the  Grecians;  that 
not  only  Hercules,  Bacchus,  Castor  and  Pollux,  Leu- 
cothea,  and  their  own  Matuta,  but  that  even  the  Dii 
majorum  gentium  would  be  found,  by  tracing  the 
antiquities  of  Greece,  to  have  been  advanced  from  mor- 
tals  to  be  Gods. 

The  evolution  of  liberty,  education  and  enlighten- 
ment has  removed  the  dross;  the  chaff  has  been  blown 
from  the  wheat.  The  church,  the  school  and  the 
library  have  been  schools  of  morality,  and  lighthouses 
of  intelligence.  The  story  of  the  Cross,  the  death  and 
the  resurrection,  is  now  accepted  as  true,  except  by 
those  who  want  a  little  cheap  notoriety,  and  cannot 
get   it   any   other   way    than    to   set    up    a    new   creed   of 


8  The  Modern  City 


no  matter,  whether  in  the  jungles  of  darkest  Africa, 
Yucatan,  or  at  our  very  doors  in  the  ^  aqui  country  in 
Mexico.  No  matter  of  what  particular  character  it  par- 
takes, whether  it  be  bodily  slavery,  financial  slavery, 
toiling  slavery,  or  moral  slavery,  it  cannot  have — it  shall 
not  have  a  place  to  lay  its  dirty  dragon  head  before  the 
world's  civilized  public  opinion.  It  is  a  relic  of  the 
past.  It  cannot  exist  in  the  same  atmosphere  with 
Liberty  and  Freedom.  Civilized  public  opinion  "is 
what  restrains  men  from  injuring  one  another  and  yet, 
leaves  theme  free  to  direct  and  regulate  their  own  pur- 
suits of  honest  endeavor  and  to  provide  an  honest  re- 
ward for  that  endeavor."  This  is  the  sum  total  of 
good  government.  This  is  but  in  its  last  analysis,  the 
final  result  of  all  secular  teachings  of  the  lowly 
Nazarene,  tending  to  fit  us  for  the  higher  spiritual 
development. 

MILITARISM  BREEDS  DESPOTISM. 

The  tendency  toward  militarism,  is  and  ever  has  been 
the  pathway  to  despotism.  One  of  the  dangers  to 
our  peace,  liberties  and  rights,  lurkingly  lies  in  the 
abuse  of  power;  and  the  toleration  by  the  people  of 
infringement  of  their  constitutional  safeguards  in  the 
pernicious  and  detestable  practices,  that  have  grown  up 
in  the  police  power.  The  toleration  of  the  barbaric 
and  despotic  disregard  of  constitutional  rights  of  the 
citizen,  by  the  police  in  the  "sweating  system,"  the 
"third  degree"  and  the  "blackhole"  illegally  maintained 
in  American  cities,  is  as  dangerous  and  menacing  to 
the  peace,  happiness  and  welfare  of  a  people  as  are  the 
economic  and  sociological  evils  that  every  right  thinking 
man  wants  to  remedy. 

And  the  deliberate  violation  of  the  rights  guaranteed 
by  every  State  Constitution  and  the  National  Constitu- 
tion, the  ritihl  to  a  trial  h\)  jury  and  the  imprisonment 
of  patriots  of  industry  and  peace  without  such  trial,  is 
the  most  threatening  danger  that  has  menaced  this  Re- 
public, since  the  first  shot  at  Fort  Sumpter. 

In  it  all  the  liberties  of  the  people  are  restored  to 
the  "Judges;"  from  whom  they  were  taken  by  Wash- 
ington. Franklin  and  Jefferson  and  the  other  fathers. 
For  these  liberties,  these  United  States  came  into 
existence.  For  these  liberties  this  land  was  bathed  in 
blood  by  our  fathers.  For  these  liberties  my  great  great 
grandfather  died  at  Ticonderoga.  For  these  liberties, 
every  pulpit  and  platform  must  cry  aloud.  For  these 
liberties,  every  home  and  fireside  must  become  an  elec- 
tion   booth    to    educate    the    people,    that    if    this    be    the 


The  Modem   City 


19 


law,  then  that  law  must  be  changed,  or  down  will 
go  this  Republic  into  the  most  merciless  despotism  the 
world  has   ever   known. 

The  liberties  of  this  people  are  the  axioms  of  the 
law  of  Cod,  as  proclaimed  by  Moses  and  taught  by 
Jesus  of  Nazareth. 

Powers  in  his  preface  to  the  plays  of  Euripides, 
says:  "Religion  is  natural  to  the  human  mind;  and 
when  the  early  ages  sunk  to  thAt  miserable  bhndness, 
as  to  lose  sight  of  the  true  God,  who  revealed  Himself 
to  their  progenitors,  they  looked  up  to  the  Heavens  in 
their  blindness  and  struck  with  its  majesty  and  the 
admiration  of  the  universe,  supposed  the  sun  and  moon 
to  be  the  eternal  and  first  Gods." 

The  voice  of  antiquity  is  uniform  in  this;  the  earliest 
account  we  have  is  from  the  Fragment  of  Sanchoniatho, 
which  tells  us  "Aeon  and  Protagoras  in  times  of  drought 
stretched  their  hands  to  the  Heavens  towards  the  Sun; 
for  this  they  esteemed  as  God  the  sole  lord  of  the 
Heaven."  Diodorus  Siculus  says  the  same  thing  of  the 
Egyptians,  and  Herodotus  gives  us  a  similar  account 
of  the  ancient  Persians  and  Libyans ;  this  Hyde  calls 
the  interpolation.  And  Plato  says  that  the  earliest 
Grecians  worshiped  the  Sun  and  the  Moon,  and  the 
Earth  and  the  Stars,  and  the  Heavens,  as  many  bar- 
barians do  now. 

LAW  OF  GOD  IS  REGULATED  LIBERTY. 


Tully,  in  the  first  book  of  his  Tusculan  Disputa- 
tions, arguing  for  the  existence  of  the  soul  after  death, 
proves  from  the  pontifical  law  and  the  inviolable  cere- 
monies of  sepulture  that  death  is  not  a  privation  of 
being,  but  a .  migration  of  life,  which  leads  illustrious 
persons  to  the  skies,  he  instances  in  Romulus,  and  says, 
that  Rome  derived  this  opinion  from  the  Grecians;  that 
not  only  Hercules,  Bacchus,  Castor  and  Pollux,  Leu- 
cothea,  and  their  own  Matuta,  but  that  even  the  Dii 
majorum  gentium  would  be  found,  by  tracing  the 
antiquities  of  Greece,  to  have  been  advanced  from  mor- 
tals  to  be  Gods. 

The  evolution  of  liberty,  education  and  enlighten- 
ment has  removed  (he  dross;  the  chaff  has  been  blown 
from  the  wheat.  The  church,  the  school  and  the 
library  have  been  schools  of  morality,  and  lighthouses 
of  intelligence.  The  story  of  the  Cross,  the  death  and 
the  resurrection,  is  now  accepted  as  true,  except  by 
those  who  want  a  little  cheap  notoriety,  and  cannot 
get   it   any  other  way   than   to   set   up   a   new   creed   of 


22  The  Modern  Cit^ 

indifference  and  carelessness  of  ihe  farmer,  the  orchard 
has  been   Gophered. 

The  gopher  is  a  little  sleek,  underground  worker, 
who  burrows  his  runways  through  devious  and  dark 
alleys,  and  often  the  only  evidence  of  his  underground 
op)erations  is  a  little  pile  of  dirt,  a  long  way  from  the 
point  of  his  operation.  He  lives,  thrives  and  fattens 
off  the  succulent  juices  of  the  roots  of  trees,  and  some- 
times it  is  a  long  while  before  the  baneful  effect  of  his 
well-concealed  work  is  noticed  on  the  splendid  foliage 
and  fruit  of  the  orchard.  And  if  that  sleek-coated 
tricky  underground  worker  is  not  soon  caught,  the 
tap-root  of  the  tree  will  be  cut  off  as  clean  as  you 
could  cut  it  with  a  knife,  and  the  tree  will  be  destroyed 

There  is  not  a  city  in  America  where  the  public 
conscience  has  not  been  "gophered"  by  the  sleek-coated, 
smooth,  tricky,  wily  underground  political  burrower  of 
civic  government.  You  may  not  know  who  he  is  in 
this  community.  If  you  do  not,  I  will  tell  you  where 
you  are  most  likely  to  find  him.  We  found  him  in 
Los  Angeles  in  the  Mayor's  office.  We  found  hin". 
in  the  office  of  Chief  of  Police.  We  found  him  on 
the  Police  Commission,  and  we  found  a  lot  of  little 
sleek-coated  burrowers  of  civic  government  in  the  Cily 
Council,  on  the  Board  of  Supervisors,  and  in  the  garret 
of  the  Courthouse;  and  we  found  them  representing 
the  utility  corporations;  the  gas,  light  and  heat  and 
power  companies,  and  the  street  railway  companies,  each 
keep  one  employed;  and  they  all  formed  a  perfect 
machine  to  manipulate  the  primaries  and  conventions; 
they  named  the  legislative  and  law-enforcing  and  law- 
construing  ofhcers.  to  prevent  the  interests  they  repre- 
sented from  being  injured  or  robbed  by  the  public. 

THE   PUBLIC   CONSCIENCE. 

The  public  conscience,  like  a  bad  little  boy,  has  been 
looking  for  some  means  of  amusement  and  profit,  with- 
out being  caught,  and  if  caught,  for  a  means  of  justifi- 
cation. It  has  found  both.  It  has  amused  itself  by 
licensing  what  it  did  not  dare  to  tolerate,  and  profited 
by  wanton  violations  of  every  right  of  God  and  man 
in  franchise  and  special  privilege  enactment,  to  create 
and  satisfy  public  opinion.  The  public  conscience  has 
been  defiled  until  tolerance  of  evil  has  justified  license. 
License   paid    for   and   satisfied   public   opinion. 

I  say  without  fear  of  successful  contradiction  that 
it  has  been  the  successful  civic  corruption  that  has 
engendered  legislative  and  private  corruption.  It  is 
the  lust  for  gold  and  commercialism  just  as  of  old.  that 


The  Modern   Cit\) 


23 


has  filled  the  jails  and  penitentiaries  for  the  last  twenty 
years.  It  has  been  the  successful  business  dishonesty 
in  high  places  that  has  beguiled  the  trusted  employee 
into  the  arena  of  speculative  chances  with  his  honor 
and  his  life,  for  money  to  make  good  that  which  they 
stole  and  could  not  replace,  like  their  more  adroit  and 
successful  undetected  compatriots  in  crime  and  marked 
the  wrecks  in  prison  sentences  and  suicides  and  mur- 
ders. It  is  lust  for  gold  and  special  privilege  in  civic 
government,  farming  out  the  public  necessities  of  the 
people  to  the  special  interests  in  our  cities,  that  enables 
the  speculating  bond-shylock  and  the  banker  to  make  24 
per  cent,  while  the  laborer  and  farmer  are  forced  to 
toil  to  make  only  3  per  cent,  that  has  debased  the 
public  conscience. 

IMMENSITY  OF  CITY. 


And  when  you  think  and  are  forced  to  realize,  that 
it  takes  the  entire  population  of  New  England  or  all 
the  states  west  of  the  Missouri  River  to  make  one  New 
\  ork  City;  and  that  of  Oregon,  Washington,  Idaho, 
Wyoming,  Montana,  Colorado,  Utah,  Nevada  and 
Arizona,  to  make  one  Chicago;  or  Utah,  Nevada, 
Arizona  and  Wyoming  to  make  one  San  Francisco,  you 
begin  to  have  some  faint  conception  of  the  virtues  to 
be  nurtured  and  the  vices  to  be  controlled  in  a  great 
city. 

To  govern  a  modern  city  is  a  very  different  thing 
from  governing  the  cities  of  old.  They  were  mere 
congeries,  or  provinces,  with  a  frugal  and  industrious 
population,  scattered  over  great  areas,  with  diversified  oc- 
cupations, and  fixed  places  of  abode,  while  our  great 
cities  of  today  are  the  dumping  ground  of  the  Slav, 
the  Hindu,  Italian  and  Yiddish  pauper  labor,  brought 
into  the  country  by  the  steamship  lines  owned  and  dom- 
inated by  the  "Interests"  in  contrast  to  the  splendid 
type  of  Scandinavian,  Irish  or  German,  who  a  few 
years  ago  came  to  acquire  homes  on  the  soil. 

The  city  of  today  dominates  the  country.  For  the 
first  time  in  the  history  of  the  country,  the  next  census 
will  show  a  majority  population  in  the  cities.  In 
them  are  the  newspapers,  the  colleges,  schools  of  art 
and  sciences,  the  great  teachers  and  preachers,  and 
theaters  of  action  and  inaction.  The  places  of  amuse- 
ment and  instruction,  and  the  places  of  degradation  and 
destruction.  And  they  are  all  dominated  by  one  great 
force,  that  steals  through  special  privilege,  and  returns 
through  college,  university  and  civic  control.  Disguise 
it  as  we  may,  such  is  the  character  of  our  cities  of  today. 


24  The  Modern   Ci/p 


NO  CITY  WITHOUT  GRAFT 

I  make  the  bold  statement  that  there  is  not  a  city 
in  the  United  States  that  is  free  from  graft  in  its  civic 
government. 

The  promotion  and  over-capitaHzation  of  pubhc  serv- 
ice corporations  is  Craft. 

The  operation  of  pubhc  utiHties  that  belong  to  all 
the  people,  by  private  interests,  is  Graft,  pure  and  simple. 

Not  until  the  city  is  granted  sovereign  power  to  pro- 
tect itself  in  every  way  and  emergency,  by  the  Initiative, 
Referendum,  and  Recall,  and  Direct  Primary,  or  some 
other  means  more  forceful,  will  American  cities  be  able 
to  get  out  from  under  the  thraldom  of  legislative  action 
conceived  and  executed  by  the  powerful  influences  that 
control   the    legislative  councils. 

The  great  fortunes  that  have  been  amassed  through 
valuable  franchises, — the  two  decades  of  political  cor- 
ruption, the  abasement  of  civic  virtue,  and  now  the  colos- 
sal control  by  combination  of  railway  transportation  with 
urban  and  interurban  city  railway  transportation  facilities, 
in  all  our  great  cities,  and  the  refusal  to  extend  street 
railway  facilities  because  of  the  limited  life  of  franchises, 
proves  conclusively  that  the  city  must  have  sovereign 
power  to  prevent  and  destroy  such  combinations  and 
force  such  extensions  as  the  governing  power — the  peo- 
ple— may  deem  necessary  for  the  public  good ;  and  to 
do  every  other  necessary  thing,  without  being  compelled 
to  go  to  a  legislature  owned  and  controlled  by  these 
forces,  and  await  its  action,  often  too  late  to  prevent 
the  acquisition  of  "vested  wrongs." 

Every  city  should  have  the  right  to  say  to  every  street 
railway  company  and  every  other  public  utility  corpora- 
tion that  refuses  to  extend  its  lines  or  service.  "Here  is 
the  right  of  way  and  franchise;  you  extend  that  utility 
and  operate  it  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  public,  or  we 
will    forfeit   your   franchise." 

The  citizens  of  a  city  should  not  be  "held  up"  by 
quasi-public  corporations,  no  more  than  they  should  be 
held  in  by  the  road-agent. 

THE   "HOLD-UP"   AND  TRUST   EVIL  IN 
CIVIC  GOVERNMENT. 

All  men  agree  that  Citizenship  and  the  Home  are  the 
very  heart  and  lungs  and  backbone  of  a  republican  form 
of  government;  and  that  the  security  and  strength  of  a 
Democracy  lie  in  the  unsullied  home.  Therefore,  any 
institution  that  strikes  at  the  home  strikes  a  blow  at 
government. 


The  Modern   Ciiv 


25 


And  right  here  will  you  permit  me  to  digress,  to  ask 
a  question  and  answer  it.  What  is  the  greatest  force 
in  the  purity  and  elevation  of  the  home?  A  perfect  wife- 
hood and  motherhood. 

If  so  much  depends  on  the  wife  and  mother,  do  you 
not  think  that  the  woman  who  is  good  enough  to  be 
the  mother  of  your  children  and  the  preserver  of  the 
sanctity  of  your  home,  is  good  enough  to  vote?  Do  you 
not  think  that  the  woman  who  is  good  enough  and  big 
enough  to  preside  over  the  destiny  of  your  child  during 
its  tender  years,  and  shape  and  mould  its  tendencies;  and 
is  brave  and  courageous  enough  to  assist  and  co-operate 
with  you  in  the  battles  of  life,  is  big  enough  to  vote? 

The  denial  of  the  saving  grace  of  Jesus  Christ; 
the  divorce  evil;  ignorance  of  domestic  and  marital 
duties;  the  gambling  evil,  whisky,  and  the  Trust,  are 
each  contesting  for  supremacy  in  destruction  of  the 
American  home.  And  while  I  think  that  whisky  is  the 
most  debasing  and  far-reaching  in  its  baneful  influence 
on  mankind,  the  Trust  is  fast  gaining  first  place  in 
ascendency.  It  has  made  the  cost  of  living  so  high  in 
our  cities  that  it  is  actually  a  dangerous  undertaking  for 
a  wage-earner  to  seriously  think  of  providing  for  a  wife 
and  children.  It  has  become  so  serious  that  in  many 
cities  divorces  and  deaths  outnumber  marriages  and 
births.  Some  have  charged  to  race-suicide  what  should 
be  properly  charged  to  the  Trust. 

TRUSTS  IN  CIVIC  GOVERNMENT. 


The  great  trouble  with  the  American  people  is  that 
they  only  think  of  the  Trust  as  a  National  Calamity, 
when  in  truth  and  in  fact  the  hundred  and  one  Trusts 
in  Civic  Government  are  more  effective  in  increasing 
the  burdens  of  Modern  City  Life. 

The  Political  Trust,  that  demands  party  loyalty  and 
fealty,  deprives  you  of  the  best  in  government — You  see 
that  exemplified  in  the  fact  that  a  great  newspaper 
will  stoop  so  low  in  corrupting  a  city  in  its  brazen  dis- 
regard of  the  welfare  of  the  citizens  as  to  support  and 
advise  the  people  to  support  the  most  abject  machine 
tools  for  Civic  Government,  in  preference  to  patriots  and 
statesmen. 

The  only  reasonable  and  logical  conclusion  from  such 
wanton  disregard  of  civic  decency  is  that  some  one  has 
been  well  greased  to  make  such  a  slide.  Such  prac- 
tices enable  the  machine  to  fatten  off  corruption,  and 
permit  vice  to  run,  as  it  was  lately  run  in  Los  Angeles, 
cither  under  blood-money-police-protection,  or  without 
molestation,  or  m  partnership  with  those  who  control  it. 


26  The  Modern  Cit^ 


Every  economist  and  every  President  that  has  occu- 
pied the  White  House  has  denounced  this  evil.  Roose- 
velt says:  "The  worst  evils  that  affect  our  local  gov- 
ernments arise  from  and  are  the  inevitable  result  of 
mixing  up  of  the  city  affairs  with  the  party  politics  of 
the  nation  and  the  state.  The  lines  upon  which  national 
parties  divide  have  no  necessary  connection  with  the 
busmess  of  the  city ;  such  connections  open  the  way  to 
countless  schemes  of  plunder  and  civic  corruption." 

PUBLIC  UTILITIES  IN  POLITICS. 

The  Banking  Trust,  controlled  from  the  head  office 
in  New  York,  under  the  name  of  the  conciliating  Clear- 
ing House,  gambles  in  stocks  and  bonds,  and  when  they 
get  stung  they  close  their  doors,  refuse  to  give  you  your 
own  money,  and  if  you  go  to  make  a  fuss  about  it, 
they  get  their  Governor  to  declare  holidays,  and  issue 
scrip  in  violation  of  the  law,  that  if  one  of  you  so 
violated,  you  would  spend  the  rest  of  your  natural  life 
in  the  penitentiary. 

If  you  have  only  one  Gas  Company  robbing  .you,  and 
you  talk  of  a  Municipal  Gas  Co.,  the  bankers  incorpo- 
rate another  "Citizens  Gas  Co.,"  get  a  valuable  fran- 
chise, occupy  the  other  half  of  the  street,  issue  ten  million 
dollars  worth  of  stock  and  five  million  of  bonds,  and 
then  consolidate,  or  enter  into  a  community  of  interest 
contract,  and  you  get  less  and  worse  gas,  and  more 
hot  air  than  before,   for  more  money. 

If  one  Telephone  Company  makes  you  swear  so  that 
you  are  cited  to  appear  before  the  board  of  deacons. 
the  old  company  will  get  the  bankers  to  organize  a 
Home  Company,  and  then  you  swear  tn>ice,  and  pay 
/D'lVe,  when  you  only  swore  and  paid  once. 

If  the  ice  man  gives  you  thirty  pounds  for  fifty,  the 
Bankers  organize  another  Ice  Company,  and  they  con- 
solidate, or  one  of  them  "works"  Pico  Heights  and 
Westlake,  while  the  other  poaches  in  Boyle  Heights 
and  Garvanza. 

If  the  Street  Railway  Company  is  in  danger  of  being 
municipalized,  it  is  turned  over  to  the  Southern  Pacific 
Company,  that  names  the  Aldermen,  Supervisors,  District 
Attorney,  Legislators,  Judges,  Senators  and  Justices  of 
the  Peace  and  Constables. 

And  if  only  one  Power  and  Light  Company  is  in 
existence,  a  half  dozen  more  are  organized  by  the 
same  bunch  of  Bankers,  and  the  President  of  the  bank 
that  loans  the  money  on  the  stocks  or  bonds  goes  on 
the  Bench,  and  the  President  of  the  clearing  house 
resigns  and  becomes  a  member  of  the  City  Council,   to 


The  Modern   City  27 


protect  the  finance  committee  from  becoming  too  indus- 
trious about  the  amount  of  stocks  and  bonds  that  are 
in  existence. 

La  Follette  says:  "Depew  holds  107  directorates, 
but  didn't  have  enough  money  to  buy  stock  enough  to 
entitle  him  to  one." 

1  hat\  Nothing.  The  City  Council  or  Board  of 
Public  Works  let  a  contract  to  feed  all  the  men  on 
the  aqueduct  at  25  cents  a  meal,  and  the  contractor 
didn't  have  enough  money  to  buy  the  skillets  and  pans 
to  furnish  the  kitchens  in  one  camp.  But  the  Whole- 
salers Board  of  Trade — backed  by  the  bankers,  had 
plenty  of  money  (just  as  the  banks  and  Rocke- 
feller had  in  the  case  of  Depew)  and  they  are 
making  $250,000  a  year  out  of  furnishing  meals 
to  hungry  men,  that  cost  1  3  3-8  cents,  for  Tu'en/p- 
^ve  Cents.'  And  the  wholesalers  Board  of  Trade 
seeing  what  a  good  thing  one  little  contract  is, 
organize  and  co-operate  with  the  Liberal  Alliance- 
Royal-Arch-Saloon-Graft-Bagnio-Bunch,  below  the 
dead  line,  and  shame  Heaven  and  outdo  Hell  in  a 
carnival  of  indecency  at  Turner  Hall,  to  elect  their 
old  "faithful"  bookkeeper  to  the  office  of  Mayor,  so 
they  can   get  a   few   more  soft  snaps. 

THE  ROYAL  ARCH. 

I  knew  a  Mayor  of  a  city  not  a  thousand  miles 
from  Los  Angeles,  who  pledged  his  sacred  honor  in 
my  office  that  he  was  not  controlled  by  the  Machine, 
and  was  not  the  candidate  of  the  Royal  Arch,  and  for 
whom  I  nearly  holloed  my  head  off  in  automobiles 
on  street  corners  until  midnight,  for  a  week,  to  elect 
him  to  office,  upon  his  representations  that  he  would 
give  the  city  a  good,  clean  business  administration. 
And  within  three  weeks  he  turned  the  entire  admin- 
istration, city  and  all,  over  to  the  Machine  and  the 
saloon  element  of  the  city,  and  dragged  citizenship 
down  to  the  lowest  level  possible;  had  his  picture  taken, 
and  was  later  recalled  for  betrayal  of  his  trust.  Within 
three  months  after  his  election  he  and  his  banker  friends 
bought  stock  in  a  packing  company,  and  all  the  butchers 
and  restaurants  bought  their  meats.  Seeing  that  was 
a  good  thing,  they  incorporated  oil  companies,  and  the 
cabinet  officers  sold  their  stock   to  the  underworld. 

In  that  same  city  the  Mayor  and  his  Chief  of 
Police,  and  the  Head  of  his  Police  Commission,  re- 
created and  re-established,  in  open  violation  and  defiance 
of  law,  a  corral,  or  police-protected  garden  of  licen- 
tiousness,   where    frail    virtue   was    bartered    for    gold,    to 


28  The  Modern   City 


buy  their  oil  stocks  and  insurance  policies.  A  place 
that  had  been  once  destroyed  and  wiped  out  of  exist- 
ence at  midnight  by  the  righteous  indignation  of  the 
perfect  womanhood  of  that  city. 

These  Royal  Arch-Saloon-Machine-Controlled  de- 
stroyers of  Government  and  Civic  Virtue,  and  dealers 
in  "white  slavery,"  were  actually  proven  to  have  re- 
ceived a  division  of  the  spoils  from  this  frightful,  un- 
speakable  traffic. 

I  know  a  city  where  the  \vater  commissioners  organ- 
ized a  water  company  just  outside  of  the  city  and 
floated  stock  and  bonds,  and  with  their  banker  friends 
organized  an  underwriting  company  to  guarantee  the 
bonds;  and  then  a  contract  was  entered  into  between 
the  officers  of  the  water  company  and  the  water  com- 
missioners to  exchange  two  million  gallons  of  water 
daily.  But  the  water  company  only  had  capacity  to 
lift  450,000  gallons  of  water;  but  a  httle  matter  Hke 
that  made  no  difference.  For  three  years  this  inequit- 
able, unholy  exchange  went  on,  until  I  brought  a  law- 
suit and  it  was  stopped  bv  the  courts.  Now  the  terri- 
tory supplied  and  controlled  bv  this  particular  water 
company  is  to  be  admitted  to  citizenship  upon  the  con- 
dition that  it  is  compelled  to  take  its  water  from  the 
same   nyater  companii  for  three  or  four  pears  more. 

Just  watch  them  unload  it  onto  the  city ! 

WHY  SHOULD  CITY  PAY? 

The  Auditor's  report  for  the  current  year,  shows 
that  street  sprinkling  in  Los  Angeles  cost  .$126,468. 
Easily  two-thirds  of  this  is  done  on  streets  where  there 
are  street  car  lines. 

In  other  cities,  notably  Seattle,  the  street  railways 
operate  a  street  sprinkling  car  on  their  tracks  at  their 
own  expense. 

If  this  were  done  in  Los  Angeles  it  would  save 
the  city  and  taxpayers,  on  the  same  basis  as  last  year, 
$84,312.00.  Just  a  little  item  for  the  Good  Govern- 
ment  Council   to   save! 

AN  INSTANCE  IN  POINT. 

I  know  of  a  city  where  the  Southern  Pacific  City 
Council,  had  such  zealous  regard  for  its  superiors  that 
just  before  it  went  out  of  business  it  passed  an  ordinance 
establishing  and  naming  the  personnel  of  a  com- 
mission to  handle  all  the  public  utilities  (except 
the  railway  companies  street  railways) ,  which  in- 
cluded   all    the     prospective   power,     light   and   heat    for 


The  Modern   Cit^  29 


domestic  and  industrial  use  in  said  city.  The  people's 
Mayor — a  Recall  Mayor,  by  the  way — vetoed  it  to 
protect  the  rights  of  the  people;  but  the  "faithful" 
Machine  Council  passed  it  over  his  veto.  Thank  God, 
their  unholy  purpose  was  later  nullified  by  the  Initiative 
and    Referendum! 

GOPHERS  IN  LOS  ANGELES. 

The  City  and  County's  annual  rental  bill  is  $75,000; 
or  six  per  cent  on  $1,250,000.  While  a  building 
could  be  built  on  the  vacant  lot  adjoining  the  City  Hall, 
for  $100,000  that  would  house  every  office  now  farmed 
out  to  the  Landlords. 

We  found  the  Water  Department,  the  Aqueduct 
Commission,  the  Justices  of  the  Peace,  the  Law  and 
Public  Library,  the  City  and  District  Attorney's  office, 
the  Coroner  and  the  Board  of  Education,  the  Super- 
intendent of  Schools,  the  County  Surveyor  and 
Assessor,  and  various  other  departments  of  government 
on  Ti)heels,  to  furnish  tenants  to  faithful  Machine  land- 
lords. 

We  found  120  saloon  licenses  out  of  the  200 
controlled  by  the  breweries,  and  three  "dummies"  hold- 
ing  thirty   licenses. 

We  found  gophers  in  the  District  Attorney's  office 
and  in  the  Grand  Jury  room  when  the  investigations 
began. 

Everywhere  we  found  him  he  was  the  same  "Rosen- 
baum,   the  Soldier." 

We  found  him  turning  the  Democratic  Club  head- 
quarters into  a  gambling  hell,  and  operating  a  saloon 
and   madhouse   on   the  floors   above. 

We  found  him  collecting  blood-money  from  vice  and 
distributing  it  in  a  wholesale  whisky  house,  from  where 
it  found  its  way  to  the  banquet-board  and  the  pockets 
of   higher-ups. 

We  found  him  running  cigar  stores,  with  the  poker 
room  and  roulette-wheels  in  the  rear. 

We  found  him  sending  duplicate  padded  accounts 
to   be   O.    K.'d  with    the   rubber   stamp. 

We  found  him  as  street,  sewer,  concrete  and  asphalt 
pavement  contractors  and  inspectors. 

We  found  him  as  deputy  license  tax  collector,  allow- 
ing his  friends   to  escape  the  payment  of  licenses. 

We  found  him  in  the  Police  and  Sheriff's  office,  rent- 
ing  property    for   imm.oral    purposes. 

We  caught  him  m  the  act  of  giving  away  the  river- 
bed franchise,  the  land  alone  being  worth  five  Million 
Dollars. 


30  The  Modern   Citv 


We  caught  him  making  $15,000  profit  out  of  one 
lot  sold  to  the  City  for  a  Fire  Station.  We  found 
him  in  the  garret  and  in  the  basement,  and  opposite 
the  entrance  of  the  Courthouse.  We  found  him 
shaving  juror  and  city  employee's  salary  warrants.  We 
found  him  everywhere  there  was  a  chance  to  graft.  We 
trapped    them   in    the    RECALL   TRAP. 

These  Gophers  breed  everywhere,  in  every  city. 
There  are  big  Gophers  and  little  Gophers.  In  New- 
York  they  are  bigger  than  they  are  tarther  West.  .  It 
is  probably  because  it  is  nearer  the  gettmg-off  place, 
and  there  are  more  of  them,  and  more  chance  for  them 
to  trade ;  but  they  are  all  the  same  breed  and  brand. 
You  can  spot  them  the  minute  you  get  your  eye  on 
them. 

In  New  York  they  syndicate  the  insurance  companies, 
the  money,  the  banks,  and  railroads;  the  steel  and  coal 
and  copper;  the  express  and  telegraph  and  telephone 
and  street  railway  corporations;  and  the  public  utility 
and  water  powers  all  over  America.  And  they  pay 
particular  attention  to  the  Congress  and  the  Senate  of 
the  United  States. 

While  out  West  they  only  syndicate  the  primaries 
and  conventions,  and  offices  and  office  holders;  partic- 
ularly the  chairmanships  of  the  Republican  and  Dem- 
ocratic State,  County  and  City  Central  Committees; 
paying  particular  attention  to  the  Assessor,  Prosecuting 
Attorneys  and  Judges,  so  they  wont  be  injured  by  the 
"longhairs,"  as  they  call  the  people  who  want  decent 
City  Government,  observance  of  law,  and  Christian 
righteousness. 

You  will  find  them  here,  in  this  city,  now,  burrowing 
the  public  conscience  in  vaudeville  levity  and  cheap 
theatrical  licentiousness.  I  hey  now  i  un  the  theaters 
and  picture  shows,  and  educate  your  young  men  and 
young  women  with  reproductions  of  the  clever  decep- 
tions of  the  unfaithful  husband  and  wife;  the  general- 
ship and  cunning  of  the  burglar  cracking  the  safe,  and 
his  adroit  and  successful  deception  of  the  police;  and 
lastly,  they  reproduce  the  prize-fight  that  is  prohibited 
by  statute,  for  the  instruction  and  edification  of  present- 
day   American    citizenship. 

Disguise  it  as  you  may,  tolerate  it  as  you  are  doing, 
and  then  wonder  why  frail  virtue  and  moral  depravity 
exist ;  but  such  is  the  work  of  the  present  day  Gophers 
of  Society  and  City  Government  in  most  of  our  Ameri- 
can   cities. 

These,     are    but    a    few    of    the    things    that    the    best 
citizenship,      the     manhood     and     womanhood     of     the 


The  Modern   Cit^  31 

Modern    City,    is,    and     always     will     be.     comp>elled   to 
meet,    oppose    and    keep    in    subjection    and    control. 

CONSERVATION. 

LOCKING    THE   STABLE   AFTER   THIRTY 
YEARS   OF    PLUNDER. 

The  stealing  of  Five  Million  acres  of  timber  land 
under  an  Act  of  Congress  establishing  Forest  Reserves; 
and  the  stealing  of  Fifteen  Billion  tons  of  coal,  and 
Fifty  Billion  tons  of  copper,  and  more  oil  land  m 
Alaska  than  there  is  in  California,  under  an  Act  of 
Congress,  passed  while  the  Governors  were  in  session 
as  a  Conservation  Congress, — and  all  this  done  under 
the  last  two  administrations,  so  Senator  Guggenheim  and 
Senator  Aldnch  and  Senator  Rockefeller  and  Senator 
Carnegie  and  Senator  Stillman  and  Senator  Keuhn, 
Loeb  &  Co.,  and  Senator  Morgan  may  get  back  their 
election  donations,  regulate  the  volume  of  money,  and 
make  panics  to  order,  and  run  the  banks  and  busmess 
and  government  of  the  Nation,  do  not  strike  so  directly 
at  the  morality  of  the  home  and  fireside  of  the  Modern 
City  as  the  ones  I  have  heretofore  described  to  you. 

Senator  La  Follette  of  Wisconsin,  the  Daniel  Web- 
ster of  the  United  States  Senate  of  today,  said,  in  a 
recent  speech  at  my  home  city.  Los  Angeles,  "that  97 
men  governed  the  various  boards  of  directors  consti- 
tuting and  controlling  every  important  line  of  business 
and  industry  in  the  United  States.  There  are  two  all- 
powerful  groups  of  banks,  one,  the  Standard  Oil,  the 
other  the  Morgan,  and  these  groups  are  not  hostile  by 
any  means.  They  control  the  richest,  most  powerful 
banks  and  trust  companies,  not  only  of  New  York,  but 
of  every  financial  center  and  large  city  in  the  United 
States. 

"Sixty-two  men  constitute  the  boards  of  directors  of 
these  two  groups  of  banks.  The  banking  credits  of 
the  country  are  concentrated  in  the  hands  of  these  few 
men,  who  are  not  bankers,  but  arc  in  the  banl(ing 
business  for  speculation." 

THE  WORLD'S  CURSE. 

The  accursed  fictilious  watering  of  stocks  and  wanton 
inequitable  issuance  of  bonds, — or  cutting  of  melons,  or 
more  properly  the  cutting  of  felonies,  disclose  that  the 
economic  principle  of  resistence  to  the  absorption  of 
wealth,  IS  the  paramount  economic  issue  that  confronts 
the   common   people  of   every   city   of   the   world.      And 


32  The  Modern   City 


until  this  iniquity  is  successfully  run  to  cover,  by  oblitera- 
tion of  party  blindness  and  party  fealty  and  displaced 
by  municipal  ownership  and  governmental  control  of 
the  public  necessities  of  the  people;  and  kept  out  of 
civic  government  by  the  Initiative,  Referendum  and 
Recall,  the  people  will  continue  to  be  the  fishing  ground 
for  the  money  power. 

Los  Angeles  has  suffered  from  it.  And  is  getting 
out  from  under, — and  today 

LOS   ANGELES   IS   THE   MODEL   MODERN 
CITY  OF  AMERICA. 

It  is  first  in  government,  in  America;  and  is  the  only 
city  in  America  with  sovereign  power.  It  is  the  first 
city  in  America  to  adopt  the  complete  system  of  the 
Initiative,  Referendum  and  Recall; — and  the  Direct 
Primary. 

These,   each  represent,   and  are.  Sovereign  Power. 

The  Initiative  means  to  initiate  law;  to  rtart  a  law 
by  petition ;  voting  for  laws  upon  petition. 

Referendum  means  to  refer  the  subject  matter  to  the 
people ;  that  is,  preventing  the  passage  of  harmful  laws 
by  {petition. 

The  Recall  means  just  what  the  word  implies. — 
recalling  officers  who  betray  the  people;  recalling  an 
officer  or  discharging  him.  just  as  an  employer  would 
discharge  an  unfaithful  servant.  It  is,  in  short,  the 
exercise   of   Sovereign   Power. 

The  Direct  Primary  is  voting  for  persons  for  office, 
and  not  voting  for  tickets,  as  Republican  or  Democratic, 
but  voting   for   men, — sane    Representative   Government. 

The  adoption  by  Los  Angeles  of  the  Initiative,  Ref- 
erendum and  Recall,  and  the  Direct  Primary,  and  their 
most  successful  practical  operation  in  lifting  the  city 
out  of  the  filth  of  civic  debasement  onto  the  very 
highest  plane  of  moral  civic  government,  and  making  it 
the  pride  of  the  city's  best  citizenship,  and  the  emula- 
tion of  every  city  in  America,  has  blazed  a  pathway 
through  the  jungled  forest  of  the  vilest  machinations  of 
man,   for  every  city  in  America  to  follow. 

It  is  a  torch,  a  beacon  light,  a  new  Goddess  of  Lib- 
erty, enlightening  the  world  ol  Modern  Civic  Civiliza- 
tion, that  will  shine  on.  and  on.  and  illumine  and  elec- 
trify every  patriotic  citizen  of  America  to  defend  with 
his  ballot  and  his  life,  the  sacred  liberties  of  the  coun- 
try for  which  the  fathers  bled  and  died,  and  restore  Gov- 
ernment to  the  people. 

Thank  God!  The  days  of  the  Machine  Gang — 
Morris.     Goings.     Cohen,     Summerfield,     Savage     and 


The  Modern  Cit^  33 

Vacher,  the  Dog  Catcher — running  political  conventions 
for  the  Southern  Pacific  to  name  Councilmen,  Assessors 
and  Mayors,  are  at  an  end.  And  when  we  extend  it  to 
the  County  and  State  affairs,  as  we  will,  and  as  it 
should  be,  the  State  and  County  Machine,  the  Monroe- 
Fredericks-Summerfield  and  Big-Three  Supervisors  Oli- 
garchy at  the  County  Courthouse  will  be  a  thing  of  the 
past.  "Hail,  fall  of  fury!  Reign  of  Reason,  All 
Hail!". 

Let  the  slogan  be:  "On  to  New  High  street  and  the 
BAS-STEAL!" 

APPOINTMENTS   PUBLICLY    POSTED. 

And  there  must  be  no  temporizing  with  this  system 
against  the  Machine! 

The  mere  transfer  of  authority  and  power  from  one 
wing  or  clique,  or  faction  of  the  old  Machine  crowd 
to  another,  will  not  satisfy  an  aroused  and  indignant 
public  conscience,  nor  accomplish  the  desired  result  cf 
Good  Government  in  fact.  Simply,  to  put  one  bank 
crowd  out  of  power,  and  exchange  the  executive  and 
administrative  offices  to  the  friends  of  another  depositary 
of  the  Machine  may  blind  the  people  a  little  while; 
but  it  will  not  restore  government  to  the  people,  nor 
protect  their  sacred  rights  in  transportation,  harbor  or 
utility    from   possible   invasion. 

An  honest  executive,  if  he  be  not  alert  to  the  wiles  of 
men,  and  insidious  cunnmg  of  corporate  "gophers,"  may 
be  imposed  upon  to  select  receptive  candidates,  for  mere 
honorary  positions,  that  carry  with  them  great  power 
and  authority,  that  meet  with  hearty  approval  and  im- 
mediate  confirmation    from  the   Machine. 

As  a  safeguard  against  impositions,  all  appointments 
should  be  publicly  posted  (as  they  are  in  all  well  regu- 
lated organizations)  and  the  public  given  an  opportunity, 
before  confirmation,  to  pass  judgment  upon  the  pro- 
posed ;  as  well  as  upon  the  environments,  interests  and 
influences  surrounding  him.  For,  as  Jefferson  truly  says: 
"All  know  the  influence  of  interest  on  the  mind  of 
man,  and  how  unconsciously  his  judgment  is  warped 
by  that  influence." 

To  crush  the  Machine,  is  not  the  most  difficult  prob- 
lem in  civic  government.  The  most  difficult  problems 
of  revolutions  are,  not  only  the  restoration,  but  the 
preservation  of  rights  and  liberties.  Hence,  to  preserve, 
inviolably  to  the  people  the  blessings  of  the  Initiative 
Referendum  and  Recall  and  the  Direct  Primary,  every 
citizen  must  be  a  patriot,  and  every  patriot  must  be 
on    guard. 


34  The  Modern  Cit\) 


\^hat  the  Initiative,  Referendum  and  Recall  and 
Direct  Primary  did  with  only  one  application  against 
the  "Gophers,"  it  will  do  again  on  the  "fat  fryers"  at 
the  Court  House. 

As  M.  de  Chateaubriand  said,  "The  discovery  of 
the  system  of  the  representative  republic,  is  one  of  the 
greatest  political  events  that  ever  occurred,"  and  Edward 
Everett  says,  "It  is  not  one  of  the  greatest,  but  it  is 
the  greatest."  I  say,  the  discovery  and  enactment  into 
law  of  the  system  of  the  Initiative,  Referendum  and 
Recall,  and  Direct  Primary,  to  bring  representative  gov- 
ernment back  to  the  people,  is  the  greatest  political 
event  in  civicism  that  has  occurred  in  a  century  and 
a   quarter   of   the   world's   history. 

Maurice  Francis  Egan  says:  "There  are  some  living 
lovers  of  the  Latin  tongue,  who  hold  that  the  Roman 
Empire  existed  only  that  the  language  of  Cicero  might 
be   born." 

If  Los  Angeles  does  no  more  for  the  world  than 
to  revive  the  Initiative,  Referendum  and  Recall  and 
bring  government  back  to  the  people,  the  City  of  the 
Angels   will   have    fulfilled   her    mission. 

THE  STATE'S  SHAME. 

Do  you  suppose  for  a  moment  that  the  bribe-takers 
and  the  bribe-givers  in  San  Francisco,  would  have 
laughed  at  justice  and  gone  scot-free  if  that  city 
had  had  the  sovereign  power  to  try  and  convict  and 
sentence  and  keep  the  sentence  in  operation?  Think 
you  for  a  moment,  those  crimes  would  have  been  com- 
mitted if  that  city  had  had  sovereign  power?  Think 
you  that  the  political  treacheries  to  our  state  and  our 
great  cities  would  have  occurred  if  the  cities  in  which 
they  were  perpetrated  had  had  sovereign  power?  Do  you 
think  the  brazen  effrontery  of  the  Santa  Cruz  conven- 
tion and  the  photograph  of  the  Governor  of  the  State  of 
California  with  his  hand  resting  on  the  shoulder  of  the 
central  figure — the  corruptionist,  Reuf — surrounded  by 
the  attorneys  and  political  brokers  and  agents  of  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railway,  would  have  taken  place, 
or  been  taken  at  all,  if  the  Recall  had  been  in  existence 
in   the  State,   to  punish   such   brazen   law-defiance? 

HARBORS  BLOCKADED. 

Do  you  think  that  your  harbors  would  now  be 
blockaded  commercially,  and  your  coast  line  from  San 
Diego  to  British  Columbia  would  have  been  seized  by 
the    railroads,    so    that    you    cannot    land   a    ship   without 


The  Modern  Cit])  33 


paying  them  tribute,  if  the  cities  had  sovereign  power? 
Do  you  think  your  streets  and  highways  and  hghting  and 
heating  and  power  franchises  would  have  been  stolen  or 
frittered  away  if  your  city  had  sovereign  power  to  have 
them  canceled  and  returned  to  the  people  for  fraud; 
and  had  sovereign  power  to  punish  the  parties  to  their 
giving  and  taking? 

What  is  true  in  California,  is  true  in  Oregon  and 
nearly  every  state  and  city  in  the  Union. 

Ridpath  says:  "There  is  not  a  city  in  the  United 
States  today  in  which  the  citizens  best  fitted  to  discharge 
the  duties  of  office  are  not  thrust  in  the  background  and 
civic  government  is  deprived  of  an  enlightened  public  ser- 
vice by  the  corrupt  office-seekers  and  office-getters,  whose 
only  qualification  are  their  effectiveness  and  skill  in  the 
management  of  the  party  engine  and  their  blind  and 
selfish  support  of  those  from  whose  hands  the  appointive 
offices  are  to  fall."  A  cursory  examination  of  those 
holding  offices  in  San  Francisco  and  Los  Angeles  Coun- 
ties, discloses  that  Mr.  Ridpath  knew  exactly  what  he 
was   talking  about. 

The  reason  for  this  is  plain.  The  good  people,  the 
high-minded  citizenship  of  the  municipalities  sat  idly  by 
and  allowed  the  Machine — the  fellows  below  the  dead 
line — the  whisky  element,  if  you  please — the  Royal 
Arch  and  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  to 
manipulate  and  control  government. 

And  just  as  the  waters  of  the  mountain  stream,  or 
the  purest  drops  from  heaven  will  become  stagnant 
and  fX)llute  everything  they  touch,  so  will  unbridled 
lust  and  riches  pollute  the  stream  of  life  and  morals 
and    destroy   character. 

THE  MODERN  CITY'S  CIVIC  NECESSITIES. 

With  modern  advancement  and  achievement  and  the 
demands  for  the  newest  and  best  in  business  methods, 
transportation,  communication,  education,  health  and 
pleasure,  new  duties  have  arisen  and  grown  out  of  the 
new  necessities. 

In  addition  to  the  most  modern  means  of  transporta- 
tion, the  Modern  City  where  congestion  becomes  great, 
demands  the  most  modern  paved  streets,  street-railways, 
harbors,  docks  and  quays,  railroad  terminals,  canals, 
telephones,  water  systems,  gas  and  electric  light,  heat 
and  power  systems,  conduit  systems,  markets,  slaughter 
houses,  public  baths,  playgrounds,  parks,  conservatories 
of  art,  free  dispensaries,  museums,  schools  and  colleges 
of  civic  and  domestic  science,  theaters,  municipal  bands, 
cemeteries  and  crematories;   a  civic   commission   to   arbi- 


■< 


36  The  Modern  Ci'/p 

trate  and  assess  damages  in  cases  of  accident  in  all 
public  utilities;  also  a  system  of  registration,  so  that 
the  city  may  know  every  stranger  within  its  gates. 

Its  public  and  private  business  demands  an  Industrial 
Commission  and  Arbitration  Board,  to  fix  wage  scales 
and  prevent  lockouts  and  strikes  and  the  arbitrary 
destruction  of  the  earnmg  power  of  its  people. 
As  the  business  man,  the  merchant  and  banker  demand 
the  right  to  transact  their  business  at  a  reasonable  profit 
without  undue  interference,  so  has  the  wage-earner  the 
right  to  demand  the  right  and  opportunity  to  labor  at 
a  wage  that  will  give  him  a  reasonable  profit  for  his  labor, 
without  being  locked  out  by  arbitrary  demands  or  inter- 
ference by  the  employer. 

If  the  willing  toiler  cannot  find  employment,  he  must 
of  necessity  become  an  idler  and  idleness  breeds  drunken- 
ness and  vice,  want  and  civic  debasement. 

The  city  that  furnishes  employment  for  its  willing 
toilers,  will  have  fewer  charities  to  maintain  and  fewer 
prisoners  to  convict  and  support ;  fewer  prosecutors  and 
courts  to  provide  for,  and  fewer  judges  to  pay. 

TUBERCULOSIS  AND  NARCOTIC 
HOSPITALS. 

A  properly  mamtamed  tuberculosis  hospital  in  the 
country  and  a  well-conducted  inebriate  and  narcotic  insti- 
tute, farm  or  asylum  ought  to  be  self-supporting;  and 
would  be  abreast  of  the  times,  curing  the  unfortunate 
and  afflicted,  instead  of  robbing  and  punishing  them 
with  a  system  that  must  of  necessity  repeat  itself  with 
increased  brutality. 

Efficient  self-civic  government  must  necessarily  include 
each  and  all  of  these,  otherwise  it  is  not  self-govern- 
ment; but  private  exploitation,  if  th'ese  civic  necessities 
and  duties  are  farmed  out  to  private  individuals  or 
private  corporations.  It  is  but  civic  government  in  name, 
and  special  interest  in  fact.  It  is  special  privilege  to 
the  special  interests  that  gain  control  of  these  inherent 
civic  duties  and  responsibilities,  to  the  cost  and  damage 
of   the   people. 

It  is  no  more,  nor  less,  than  embezzlement  of  power 
for  commercialism.  And  commercialism  breeds  paup>er- 
ism. 

A  city  is  not  made  by  men.  nor  by  special  interests. 
A  city  is  an  evolution,  evolved  from  the  increment  fol- 
lowing and  as  a  matter  of  course  flowing  from  the  neces- 
sities and  close  communion  and  business  relations  of  a 
congregation  of  individual  units  of  society.  The  his- 
tory of  the  world  has  proven  to  most  men,  that  a  demo- 


The  Modern   Cil^  37 


cratic  form  of  government,  as  enjoyed  by  this  and  other 
Repubhcs,  is  the  best  that  has  been  evolved  or  devised. 
And  to  permit  special  privilege  in  things  that  belong 
to  all  the  people  alike,  is  a  denial  of  the  basic  principle 
of  democratic  government  and  breeds  classification  and 
caste  and  pauperism  and  in  the  last  analysis,  anarchy. 
It  is  this  special  privilege  and  classification  and  caste 
in  our  cities,  that  have  produced  the  civic  corruption; 
and  the  great  unequal  ex^aordinary  fortunes  and  the 
present  unrest, — the  true  progenitors  of  socialism  and 
anarchy. 

EVILS  OF  SPECIAL  PRIVILEGE. 

To  think  that  because  of  special  privilege  in  two 
necessary  commodities,  iron  and  oil,  two  men  within 
my  memory,  nay  within  my  active  political  life, — thirty 
years,  have  built  up  fortunes  more  colossal  than  all  the 
Kings  of  all  the  world  ever  dreamed;  and  are  now  en- 
gaged in  disseminating  their  doctrines  of  special  privi- 
lege in  government,  in  our  libraries  and  colleges;  and  yet 
be  forced  to  realize,  as  Professor  Fairlie  says,  "that 
our  common  schools  are  teaching  nothing  about  civil 
government,"  is  the  most  convincing  proof  that  the  in- 
equality of  privilege  is  the  mightiest  menacing  danger 
confronting  this  Republic. 

The  greatest  danger  does  not  lie  in  the  acquisition 
and  absorption  of  this  enormous  wealth,  but  it  is  in 
the  frightful,  crippling  calamity  that  must  of  necessity 
be  inherited  by  posterity.  What  is  true  of  iron  and 
oil,  is  true  of  transportation,  not  only  on  your  railroads 
but   through   your   streets. 

Your  coast  line  has  been  seized  from  within  to  pre- 
vent competition  from  without.  Fifteen  years  ago,  when 
in  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Washington,  I  pointed 
out  to  the  people,  that  the  Northern  Pacific  and  the 
Hill  lines  had  gained  control  of  every  foot  of  coast 
line  on  Puget  Sound.  What  was  done  then  in  the 
State  of  Washington,  has  been  done  in  the  States  of 
Oregon  and  California  by  the  Southern  Pacific,  until 
every  city  on  the  Pacific  Coast  is  practically  at  the 
mercy  of  the  transportation  monopolies  to  the  extent 
of  a  hundred  million  excessive  freight  charges  annually. 

What  has  been  done  in  this  regard  has  been  system- 
atically done  in  every  city  on  the  coast  in  securing  fran- 
chises over  your  streets ;  gas,  light,  heat  and  power 
franchises  everywhere.  And  strange  as  it  may  appear, 
those  who  are  now  talking  loudest  for  conservation,  or 
holloing  "stop  thief,"  have  been  the  "practical"  men, 
who  have  enjoyed  the  emoluments  and  benefits  of  pub- 


38  The  Modern   Cit^ 

lie  office,  through  the  agencies  that  have  stolen  these 
valuable  assets. 

The  men  who  have  obtained  these  great  con- 
cessions, franchises  and  special  advantages  are  not 
venal  at  heart.  The  man  who  gives  away,  one 
or  ten,  or  a  hundred  million  is  not  venal.  He  has 
simply  taken  advantage  of  a  well  recognized  policy  of 
government — special  privilege; — the  tariff,  voted  for  and 
supported  by  a  debased  public  conscience  for  thirty 
years;  and  in  returning  a  part  of  that  which  he  knows 
does  not  rightfully  belong  to  him,  to  educate  the  people 
further  along  the  lines  of  special  privilege,  he  is  not 
so  much  a  public  benefactor,  as  he  is  a  sharp,  shrewd, 
cunning,  crafty  business  man  who  "permit  no  one  to 
make  a  profit  out  of  my  business  if  I  can  help  it."  He 
is  in  the  business  of  regarding  the  public  resources  and 
public  necessities  as  his  preserves  and  proper  exploita- 
tion  ground. 

With  the  sharp,  keen,  crafty  business  methods 
of  the  Shylock  bond-broker  and  stock-manipulator 
on  one  side,  and  the  loose,  pliant,  inexperienced 
and  willing-to-be  seduced  public  official  on  the  other, 
and  with  a  polluted  public  conscience  behind  them,  is 
it  any  wonder  that  all  the  rivulets  of  commerce  are 
flowing  into  the  treasuries  of  the  interests? 

I  say  to  you,  that  you  might  as  well  try  to  dam  up 
Niagara  without  stoppmg  the  supply  of  water,  as  to 
try  to  stop  graft  without  changing  the  conditions.  As 
long  as  you  continue  to  work  and  vote  to  tax  your- 
selves to  let  the  other  fellow  make  a  profit  without 
working,  graft   will  exist. 

If  the  city  is  rotten,  then  a  majority  of  its  citizens 
are  rotten,  or  your  government  is  a  living  he. 

When  Rockefeller  stated,  "that  he  never  allowed 
anyone  to  make  a  profit  out  of  his  business  if  he  could 
help  it,"  he  simply  announced  a  mighty  good  principle 
of  business  for  the  public  business.  Operate  and  con- 
duct cities  on  these  lines  and  you  will  not  be  farm- 
ing out  all  your  public  utilities. 

EUROPEAN  EXPERIENCE. 

Birmingham  thirty  years  ago  took  control  of  its  gas 
works  and  has  operated  them  successfully  ever  since. 
Increasing  the  efficiency  and  decreasing  the  cost.  Bir- 
mingham would  no  more  go  back  to  the  private  ownership 
of  gas,  than  you  would  go  back  to  the  private  owner- 
ship of  your  water  system. 

What  IS  true  in  Birmingham,  is  true  in  Glasgow, 
Liverpool.    Vienna,    Berlin,    Budapest,    Munich,    Naples, 


The  Modern  Citv  39 

Venice,  Leipsic  and  every  continental  city,  not  only  with 
their  gas,  but  they  all  own  or  operate  their  street  railways, 
water,  electric  plants,  slaughter  houses,  markets,  hos- 
pitals, bands,  museums,  homes  for  the  aged.  In  truth 
and  in  fact,  they  perform  all  their  functions  of  govern- 
ment. 

What  private  corporation  would  think  of  farming 
out  its  best  means  of  revenue,  or  its  best  necessities 
to  some  stockholder  of  the  corporation  to  make  a  profit 
for  his  private  benefit  at  the  expense  of  the  corporation? 
Should  it  do  so,  the  law  of  every  state  in  the  Union 
would  nullify  such  a  reckless  and  wanton  invasion  of 
the  rights  of  all  the  stockholders. 

When  a  city  farms  out  its  transportation  facilities 
to  some  street  railway  company,  to  equip  its  streets 
with  means  of  transportation  for  its  people,  the  corpora- 
tion proceeds  to  issue  bonds  and  well-watered  bonds, 
too,  which  are  no  more  nor  less  than  a  mortgage  on 
the  franchise  by  the  city  itself.  It  does  the  very  thing 
that  would  be  stopped,  instanter,  by  the  courts  if  done 
against    the    stockholders   of    a    private   corporation. 

What  is  true  of  its  street  railways,  is  true  of  its 
gas,  light,  heat,  electricity,  telephones  for  communication ; 
Its  markets,  its  playgrounds,  its  baths,  its  paved  streets 
and  places  of  amusement.  A  place  for  the  citizens  to 
deposit  their  money  for  safe  keeping,  is  just  as  necessary 
today  for  the  people  of  a  city,  as  are  water  and  edu- 
cation. And  under  such  a  system,  the  city  would  have 
its  own  money  in  one  depositary,  instead  of  having  it 
loaned  out  to  special  interests  at  2  per  cent,  for  them 
to  earn  20  and  24  per  cent  as  the  banks  in  Los  An- 
geles are  doing  with  more  than  tuw  million  of  city  money. 

What  city  farms  out  its  means  of  education,  or  fire 
or  police  protection  to  private  individuals  or  private 
corporations?  You  say  none.  Why?  Only  because 
no  profit  can  be  made  out  of  them.  All  American 
cities  farm  out  everything  else.  Thirty  years  ago  every 
<:ity  in  the  country  farmed  out  its  water  supply.  None 
of  them  do  it  now.  Why?  Because  the  people  learned 
ihat  it  was  a  wanton  disregard  of  the  true  function  of 
the  city,  to  allow  private  water  companies  to  make 
enormous    profits    out    of    the    necessities    of    the    people. 

And  today  there  is  hardly  a  city  in  the  country  that 
does  not  own  its  water  system. 

I  here  is  not  a  city  charter  in  the  United  States  that 
does  not  empower  cities  to  own  parks  and  cemeteries. 
And  yet,  if  Jesus  Christ  were  to  return  and  die  in  any 
city  in  America,  he  would  have  1o  be  buried  in  the 
potter's    field    for    the    want    of    a    public    cemetery; — 


40  The  Modern   Cit^ 


American  cities  have  farmed  out  even  these  for  private 
exploitation. 

There  is  not  today  in  any  city  on  the  Pacific  Coast 
a  municipally  owned  cemetery,  or  bath,  or  band,  or 
theater,  or  museum,  or  conservatory  of  art,  or  college 
of  civil  or  moral  government,  not  a  slaughter  house, 
market,  gas  plant  or  electric  plant,  except  one  market 
and  one  electric  plant  in  Seattle.  Each  and  all  are 
farmed  out  to  individuals,  or  private  corporations  for 
private  exploitation. 

LOAN  SHARKS. 

No  one  denies  that  the  city  has  the  right  and  sovereign 
power  to  say  to  the  Loan  Sharks — the  five  and  ten  per 
cent  a  month  Shylocks  and  the  pawnbrokers,  that  you 
shall  not  exact  an  unreasonable  rate  from  the  people 
and  therefore  we  shall  fix  the  interest  rate  by  ordinance. 
If  the  city  has  the  power  to  do  this,  why  should  it  not 
have  the  sovereign  power  to  say  to  the  other  gentlemen 
engaged  in  the  loaning  business,  that  inasmuch  as  the 
average  earning  capacity  of  the  banks  of  the  country 
is  eight  per  cent  interest,  or  profit,  and  the  average  capac- 
ity of  the  farmer  and  toiler  is  only  an  increase  of  three 
and  one-half  per  cent;  and  inasmuch  as  you  gentlemen 
who  do  not  work,  are  enabled  through  the  inequality 
of  law  and  conditions,  to  receive  two  and  one-half 
times  what  the  man  who  does  toil  is  able  to  earn,  we 
shall  fix  your  loan  rate  at  a  rate  that  will  let  you  earn 
your  pound  of  flesh, — your  eight  per  cent;  but  when  you 
unlawfully  manipulate  conditions  in  such  a  manner  that 
you  make  a  "money-stringency  felt,"  and  then  earn,  after 
paying  your  officers  enormous  salaries,  according  to  your 
statement  of  July,  1909.  from  twelve  to  TWENTY- 
FOUR  per  cent. 

It  is  time  to  call  a  halt  before  you  absorb  all  the 
wealth. 

Ihese  earnings  are  so  near  three-ball  bucket  shop 
exactions  that  they  appear  unhealthy;  and  it  will 
be  only  a  short  time  until  you  fellows  will  absorb  all 
wealth.  And  inasmuch  as  the  city  government  is  for 
the  better  protection  of  all  the  people,  be  it  ordained 
by  the  city  council :  That  any  person,  firm  or  corp>ora- 
tion  engaged  in  the  city  of  Los  Angeles  in  the  busi- 
ness of  loaning  money  for  profit,  who  receives  a  greater 
interest  or  profit  llian  eight  per  cent  net  per  annum, 
shall  turn  into  the  public  treasury  Common-Good-Fund 
for  the  benefit  of  all  the  people,  all  the  profit  or  interest 
so  received  over  and  above  the  said  eight  per  cent. 
Any    person,    firm   or    corporation    violating    this    law    in 


The   Modern   City  41 


person,   or   through   its   officers   and   agents,    such  person, 
officer  or  agent  shall  be  guilty  of  a  felony. 

And  inasmuch  as  your  July,  1 909,  statement  shows 
that  the  whole  thirty-five  banks  in  the  city  had  in  cash 
less  than  $10,000,000,  and  you  owed  $105,932,424.- 
77.  deposits,  besides  your  capital  stock  of  $12,903,300, 
or  that  you  owed  more  than  ten  times  what  you  had  cash 
to  pay;  and  $2,000,000  of  that  $10,000,000  belonged 
to  the  city,  on  which  you  only  pay  interest  of  2  per 
cent;  we  respectfully  suggest  that  you  stop  speculating 
with  your  deposits  and  keep  on  hand  a  sufficient  amount 
of  cash  to  supply  the  needs  of  this  community  without 
demandmg  exorbitant  rates  of  interest. 

Your  financial  statement  shows  conclusively,  that  your 
exorbitant  interest-earning  is  on  book  account,  rather 
than  with  cash,  and  this  does  not  look  like  legitimate 
commercial  banking,  but  partakes  more  of  the  character 
of  the  speculation  referred  to,  and  denounced  by  Senator 
La  Follette. 

And  we  respectfully  suggest  that  a  few  more  smoke- 
stacks in  the  industrial  district  will  be  more  conducive 
to  the  permanency  of  healthy  growth  than  more  three- 
ball   shops. 

FIFTY  YEARS  BEHIND. 

The  fact  is  that  while  we  are  boasting  of  our  modern 
American  civilization,  genius,  wonderful  growth  and 
advancement,  we  are  fully  fifty  years  behind  the  cities 
of  continental  Europe  in  civic  government.  Civic  govern- 
ment in  the  United  States  cities  is  today  under  the  most 
unbridled  money  and  whisky  oligarchy  the  world  ever 
knew. 

I  make  the  bold  challenge  that  there  is  not  a  civic 
government  or  street  railway  system  in  the  State  of 
California,  Oregon  or  Washington  that  is  not  con- 
trolled by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway,  or  the  General 
Electric  Trust,  through  their  private  bankers  and  polit- 
ical agents.  And  these  forces  control  the  city  councils 
in  every  city  from  San  Diego  to  British  Columbia.  And 
the  people  of  these  cities  are  paying  tribute  to  these 
forces  for  their  transportation,  heat,  light  and  power, 
and  are  as  much  slaves  as  was  the  black  man  of  fifty 
years  ago. 

These  forces  have  kept  a  political  bucket-shop  in 
every  important  city  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  where  their 
political  broker  determines  who  shall  be  the  nominees 
in  both  political  parties  to  the  state  legislature,  the 
judiciary  and  for  every  other  political  office.  If  the 
utility   corporations   that   are   but  subsidiary   corp>orations 


I 


42  The   Modern   Citv 


of  the  railways,  control  and  dictate  the  election  and 
nomination  of  legislators,  and  those  legislators  elect  the 
senators,  who  now  frame  the  tariff  laws  and  run  the 
government,  not  to  suit  national  platforms,  nor  the  wishes 
of  the  people,  nor  presidential  pledges,  but  to  suit  the 
trusts  and  transportation  interests,  it  is  easy  to  see  why  the 
utility  corporations  have  such  a  jealous  regard  for  who 
is  elected  to  the  state  legislatures  and  to  your  boards  of 
supervisors  and  city  councils. 

THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  MUST  TEACH 
CIVIC  GOVERNMENT. 

Prof.  Fairlie  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  in  his 
essay  on  administrative  government  says;  "Even  in  the 
states  of  the  middle  west  nearly  one-sixth  of  the  pub- 
lic high  schools  give  no  work  in  civil  government;  while 
in  other  parts  of  the  country  the  proportion  of  secondary 
schools  where  the  subject  is  wholly  neglected  is  much 
larger; — from  one-fourth  in  the  north  Atlantic  and 
far  western  states  to  one-half  in  the  south  Atlantic 
group." 

He  further  adds:  "Some  of  the  largest  and  best 
Universities  in  the  country  which  offer  ample  work  in 
municipal  government  to  advanced  and  graduate  students, 
who  specialize  in  history  and  political  science,  fail  to 
offer  the  more  elementary  work  for  the  general  body  of 
students." 

Surely  civic  government — the  government  of  a  boy 
or  girl's  own  town  or  city,  above  all  other  branches 
of  study,  ought  to  be  taught  to  the  boy  or  girl  at  the 
impressionable  age,  between  12  and  20;  or  in  all  eighth 
grades  of  every  common  school  in  the  land,  as  well 
as  in  the  high  schools  and  colleges  and  universities. 

DEPLORABLE  CONDITION. 

This  is  a  most  lamentable  condition  of  affairs  in 
a  country  of  free  schools,  where  we  claim  the  very 
highest  standards  of  education.  Is  it  any  wonder  that 
there  is  civic  corruption  and  graft? 

Human  nature  is  no  different  now  from  what  it 
was  when  the  machine  money-changers  desecrated  the 
1  emple.  There  is  no  forum,  nor  legislative  hall  they 
will  not  corrupt  today.  In  truth  and  in  fact  there  is 
not  one  that  they  have  not  polluted,  or  tried  to  pollute 
within  the  last  thirty  years.  They  buy  senators  or  legis- 
lators or  supervisors  or  aldermen,  like  they  buy  wheat 
or  coal  or  hogs.  They  buy  a  congress,  a  city  or 
a    legislature,   by   seeing   to   it   that   their   pliant    tools  are 


The  Modem   Citv  43 


elected  to  office  to  do  their  bidding.  TKey  steal  a 
franchise,  a  public  utility,  which  is  the  right  to  tax, 
through  their  attorneys  and  paid  hirelings,  and  then, 
yell    "vested    rights"    to   protect   "vested   wrongs.  ' 

I  say  to  you,  that  neither  the  Initiative,  Referendum 
and  Recall,  nor  the  Direct  Primary,  nor  Municipal 
Ownership,  nor  Commission  Government  alone,  or  com- 
bined, unaccompanied  by  a  thorough  knowledge,  or 
to  say  the  least  an  elementary  knowledge  of  Civic 
Government  and  the  very  highest  standard  of  business 
dealings  of  a  sober  people  with  pure  minds,  will  pre- 
\ent  civic  corruption  and  the  debasement  of  the  public 
conscience — they  all  must  go  together. 


COMPULSORY   VOTING    NECESSARY. 


The  public  school  must  teach  not  only  the  principles 
of  Civic  Government,  but  must  teach  character  and 
conscience.  It  must  teach  that  alcohol  is  a  true  poison. 
That  physiologically  it  is  not  strengthening,  but  weaken- 
ing to  the  mental,  moral  and  physical  being.  The  public 
school  must  teach,  nay,  every  university  and  college  and 
fireside  must  teach,  not  only  these  facts,  but  they  must 
teach  that  it  is  the  first  duty  of  every  man  and  woman 
to  exercise  the  franchise  and  protect  the  government  from 
the  onslaughts  of  greed  and  selfish  gain.  Compulsory 
voting   IS    absolutely   necessary. 

The  abasem.ent  of  the  public  conscience  of  the  last 
twenty  years  could  never  have  sunk  to  the  level  and 
low  moral  standard  that  has  produced  the  flagrant  viola- 
tions of  public  trust  and  graft,  that  have  been  exposed, 
had  these  things  been  taught  and  enforced. 

It  is  sad  to  contemplate  that  with  all  our  boasted 
civilization,  we  are  compelled  to  go  to  the  Austro- 
Hungarian  cities  of  Vienna  and  Budapest  to  find  the 
model  Modern  City.  Here  the  necessities  and  pub- 
lic utilities  are  conserved  to  and  for  the  benefit  of  all 
the  people.  Here  taxation  is  the  lowest.  Here  civic 
virtue  is  the  highest.  Here  nothing  is  farmed  out  to 
the  banker,  the  stock  manipulator  and  speculator.  Every 
public  utility  is  operated  by  the  people.  You  don't 
have  to  pay  two  telephone  companies  tribute  to  let  a 
few  bond-fakers  and  brokers  fatten  off  the  public.  The 
poor  widow  to  bury  her  husband  or  child  is  not  com- 
pelled to  mortgage  her  little  home  to  the  undertaker, 
or  the  private  owner  of  the  cemetery  or  crematory; 
the  citv  attends  to  these  matters  at  actual  cost. 


44  The  Modern   Cit^ 


CIVIC  DAMAGE  COMMISSION. 

If  the  wife  is  made  a  widow  through  the  neghgence 
of  a  railroad  or  street  railway,  or  other  corporation 
or  private  individual,  she  does  not  have  to  go  into 
court  and  fight  a  powerful  foe,  or  be  forced  to  take 
a  pittance  or  nothing  at  all ;  but  a  civic  commission 
sits  in  judgment  and  assesses  the  damage  and  cost  and 
it  has  to  be  paid,  or  the  franchise  is  forfeited  and 
property  confiscated  to  the  payment  of  the  arbitration. 
This  method  and  procedure  is  true  in  nearly  all  Euro- 
pean cities.  It  insures  prompt  liquidation  of  damages. 
Prevents  the  afflicted  from  being  mulcted  by  unscrupu- 
lous lawyers.  Decreases  the  work  of  Courts  and  lessens 
the  burdens  of  taxation,  and  is  a  blessing  to  the  munici- 
pal,  as  well  as  to   the  private  corporation. 

VIENNA. 

Prof.  Fairlie  says;  "In  Vienna  the  fourth  largest  city 
in  Europe,  civic  government  has  made  greater  strides  than 
in  any  city  in  the  world  during  the  last  fifteen  years. 
It  has  complete  municipal  autonomy  or  home  rule  or 
self-government."  And  this  is  what  every  city  in 
America  must  have.  We  think  we  have  done  great 
things  in  Los  Angeles,  Seattle  and  San  Francisco  on 
the  Pacific  Coast,  and  in  Chicago  and  New  York  and 
Baltimore  and  St.    Louis  and  Detroit  in   the   East. 

But  more  stupendous  physical  reconstruction  and 
municipalization  of  public  utilities  have  taken  place  in 
Vienna  in  the  last  ten  years,  than  in  any  city  in  the 
world. 

"Birmingham,  thirty-five  years  ago,  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Joseph  Chamberlin,  purchased  and  has  operated 
ever  since  its  water  and  gas  system.  The  street  rail- 
ways have  been  taken  over.  During  thirty-five  years 
of  municipal  operation  of  the  gas  plant  the  price  of 
gas  has  been  materially  reduced,  the  efficiency  increased; 
and  after  paying  all  fixed  charges,  interest  and  sinking- 
fund  and  extensions,  the  surplus  has  averaged  $200,000 
annually.  The  surplus  in  thirty-five  years  has  been 
more  than  $6,000,000.  And  while  the  gas  consump- 
tion has  trebled,  the  expense  charged  to  capital  account 
has  increased  only  25  per  cent. 

HOUSING  SYSTEM. 

Birmingham  has  adopted  the  housing  plan  of  the 
German  cities.  The  city  purchases  suburban  property, 
reserves  tracts  for  building  spaces  for  public  needs   (get- 


The   Modern  Cii^  45 


ting  city  property  at  first  cost),  for  parks,  fire  and 
police  stations,  schools  and  libraries,  and  then  sells,  or 
leases  to  purchasers,  and  has  reduced  cost  of  lots  for 
homes  for  its  artisans  and  mechanics  and  laborers  more 
than  fifty  per  cent;  and  has  reduced  the  speculation  in 
real  estate,  without  involving  the  city  in  building  opera- 
lions,  or  care  for  buildings.  London  and  Glasgow  are 
doing   the   same   thing. 

LONDON. 

"More  than  half  the  street  railway  trackage  in 
London  is  under  the  County  Council  and  it  does  two- 
thirds  of  the  traffic.  Fares  average  range  one-half 
penny  to  three  pence.  More  than  four  and  three- 
fourths  pay  a  penny  or  less. 

Glasgow  has  nearly  200  miles  of  street  railway  in 
operation.  More  than  three  times  what  it  was  in  1894 
And  the  average  fare  is  under  a  penny: — Yielded  a 
net  surplus  of  $175,000  that  went  into  the  "Common 
Good"  fund.  More  than  a  million  dollars  have  been 
turned  in  since    1 894. 

What  these  European  cities  have  learned  from  cen- 
turies of  experience  is  wise  to  do,  can  be  done  by 
every  American  city,  if  the  people  will  bring  govern- 
ment back  to  the  people.  If  the  people  will  drive  the 
political  broker,  the  speculator  in  public  utilities  and 
the  saloon  out  of  business,  they  will  drive  the  evils 
out  of  government.     And  that  is  all  that  is  needed. 

DETROIT. 

Detroit  fifteen  years  ago  established  a  municipal 
electric  plant.  And  ten  years  ago  it  established  an 
asphalt  paving  plant.  In  the  electric  plant,  after  pay- 
ing all  fixed  charges  and  allowing  for  interest  on  the 
investment,  annual  depreciation,  taxes  that  would  have 
been  collected  had  the  plant  been  operated  by  a  private 
corporation,  repairs  and  extensions,  it  saved  to  the 
people  of  Detroit  in  one  decade  $460,000.  The  cost 
of  arc  lights  was  reduced  from  $132  to  an  average 
for  the  decade  of  $87.63  for  the  year.  In  1903  the 
lowest  bid  was  $102  per  light.  The  efficiency  was 
increased  by  reducing  the  outages  from  86,426  lamp 
hours  to  7,465  per  year.  For  the  year  1897-8  the 
cost  was  at  the  rate  of  $83.46  for  each  arc  lamp  for 
3,786  hours  in  the  year,  or  $.00,049  per  kilowatt 
hour.  While  an  examination  of  the  tables  in  the  Labor 
Commissioners  report  for  1 899,  shows  that  no  group 
of    private    companies    charged    for    public    lighting    less 


I 


I 


I 


46  The  Modern   Citv 


than  $.0514  per  kilowatt  hour;  and  that  when  the 
hours  of  service  are  considered,  no  group  charged  as 
low  a  price  for  arc  lamps  as  the  cost  in  Detroit. 

BUSINESS  METHODS. 

What  has  been  done  in  Detroit  can  be  done  in  every 
city  in  the  country,  in  successful  operation  of  electric 
light  plants  and  every  other  public  utility.  All  that 
is  necessary  is  business  methods.  In  other  words,  the 
methods  and  principles  involved  in  true  civil  service 
reform,  which  are  "the  selection  of  public  officials  on 
the  basis  of  their  fitness  for  public  service;  and  the 
maintenance  of  the  public  service  honestly  and  up  to 
the  very  highest  efficiency."  This  is  what  is  being  ap- 
plied to  CIVIC  government  in  European  cities.  And  there 
is  hardly  a  great  or  small  center  of  population  on  the 
continent  of  Europe  that  does  not  operate  and  control 
its  public  utilities  and  public  necessities. 

In  America  very  few  cities  control  anything  more 
than    their   water   systems. 

New  Orleans  owns  its  water-front  and  all  railroads 
enter  the  city  over  the  belt-line,  skirting  the  water-front. 
Indianapolis  has  the  same  system  of  belt-line.  Every 
city  should  certainly  own  its  railroad  terminals.  Why 
talk  of  municipal  docks  and  let  the  railroads  have  their 
own   terminals? 

Seattle  has  an  electric  plant,  a  municipal  market  and 
an  employment  agency.  Portland  an  asphalt  paving 
plant.  Detroit  an  electric  plant  and  an  asphalt  paving 
plant.  On  page  8  of  the  Public  Commissions  Report, 
are  these  words,  "Cash  cost  per  arc  lamp,  fiscal  vear 
ending  June  30th.  1908,  $34.65."  On  page  9  of  the 
report  for  1904-5  this  language  appears,  "The  price 
charged  Detroit  by  private  electric  lighting  corpora- 
tions from  1884  to  1895,  ranged  from  $239.94  to 
$128.87  per  arc  lamp. 

'  "A  private  corporation  lights  Buffalo  by  contract. 
That  city  is  favorably  situated  for  cheap  electric  light- 
ing. Niagara  Falls  furnishing  the  power  necessary  for 
its  generation.  A  ten  years  contract  for  lighting,  from 
1896  to  1905,  started  with  $117.75  oer  arc  light  of 
2.000  candle  power  per  year.  In  1897  the  price  was 
$100  per  arc  light  and  remained  at  that  figure  until 
1902,  when  it  was  $75  per  arc  light  per  year.  This 
makes  an  average  cost  per  arc  light  for  the  ten  years 
contract  $91.77  per  vear,  which  is  $4.14  per  arc  light 
greater  than  Detroit  has  paid,  including  the  entire  cost 
of  the  plant.  In  other  words,  if  our  lighting  plant  were 
wiped    out    of    existence,    Detroit    would    have    paid    an 


The  Modern   Cilv  47 


average  of     $4. 1 4   per     arc   lamp     per   year     less     than 
Buffalo  in  the  last  decade.  " 

If  the  city  of  Detroit  can  do  this  as  against  Buffalo, 
where  power  ought  to  be  cheaper  than  in  any  city  in 
America,  then  no  further  proof  or  argument  is  necessary 
to  prove  that  every  city  in  America  can  do  the  same 
thing  if  it  will  do  as  Detroit  did.  Select  its  best 
business  men  for  its  commission  and  apply  business 
methods,  not  politics  and  graft  to  the  operation. 

"ROSENBAUM  THE  SOLDIER." 

But  these  public  utilities  cannot  be  successfully  run, 
nor  can  anything  be  successfully  run  if  the  Reufs  and 
Wrights  and  Pincuses  and  Oswalds  and  Mickey 
the  grafter,  and  "Rosenbaum  the  soldier,"  and  such  ilk 
are  permitted  to  name  the  railroad  commissioners, 
supervisors,  legislators,  judges,  councilmen,  congressmen 
and  senators.  And  they  will  name  the  commissions 
and  the  administrative  officers,  just  as  long  as  the 
honest  business  man  stays  away  from  the  primaries. 
So  long  as  you  allow  the  fellows  below  the  dead- 
line to  control  politics,  so  long  as  you  have  the 
saloon-in-politics-for-protection,  just  so  long  will  Pin- 
cus.  Goings,  et  al,  live  and  fatten  off  frail  virtue 
and  vice. 

Until  you  remove  the  saloon  from  your  best  busi- 
ness corners  and  best  business  streets,  where  your  sons 
and  daughters  are  forced  to  run  the  gauntlet  of  their 
moral  depravity  and  displace  them  with  moral  influences; 
until  you  stop  putting  fifty  or  a  hundred  gin-mills  on 
your  best  thoroughfares;  until  you  stop  masquerading  as 
a  Christian  gentleman  on  Sunday  and  voting  for  that 
increased  rent  from  the  bawdy  house  on  Monday;  until 
you  remove  the  death  houses  from  the  streets  and  put 
a  few  nature-places  and  healthy  places  of  pleasant  rec- 
reation and  amusement  for  the  young  rrien  and  young 
women  in  their  stead;  until  you  change  that  poker-room 
or  bridge-room  into  a  quiet  devotional  room,  where  you 
can  take  that  boy  or  girl  and  sit  down  by  his  or  her 
side  like  a  brother,  until  you  quit  ringing  up  that  tele- 
phone and  asking  Jack  or  I  om  or  Billy,  to  bring  up 
a  flask  in  the  afternoon  before  the  "old  man"  comes 
home;  you  will  have  rotten  cities  and  rotten  govern- 
ment and   rotten  homes. 

The  rottenness  of  New  York,  Chicago,  San  Fran- 
cisco and  many  other  cities  of  America  is  so  appalling 
today  that  it  is  a  wonder  that  the  indulgence  and  mercy 
of  an  Almighty  God  has  not  been  withdrawn  long  ago. 


48  The  Modem  Cit}) 


THE  PEOPLE  SADDLED  AND  RIDDEN 

One  hundred  and  thirty-three  years  ago  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence,  the  mightiest  indenture  executed 
by  man  and  sealed  with  the  blood  of  the  revolution, 
that  Edward  Everett  said,  "is  equal  to  anything  ever 
born  of  parchment,  or  expressed  in  visible  signs  of 
thought,"  was  written  as  a  commandment  against  moral 
and  physical  slavery.  And  the  immortal  Washington 
in  1826,  in  response  to  an  invitation  to  be  present  at 
the  National  Capital  to  celebrate  the  Fiftieth  Anniver- 
sary of  American  Independence,  wrote;  "All  eyes  are 
opened  to  the  rights  of  man.  The  general  spread  of 
the  light  of  science  has  already  laid  open  to  every 
view,  the  palpable  truth  that  the  mass  of  mankind  has 
not  been  born  with  saddles  on  their  backs,  nor  a  favored 
few  booted  and  spurred  ready  to  ride  them  legitimately 
by  the  grace  of  God." 

This  is  as  true  today,  as  when  that  sublime  and 
wondrous  mind  expressed  the  thought  on  parchment,  not- 
withstanding the  saddling  and  riding  of  the  American 
people  for  the  last  thirty  years  by  the  "booted  and 
spurred"  increasing-tarriff  robber  barons  and  trust  cre- 
ators and  defenders;  and  industrial  transportation  and 
utility  franchise  grabbers,  represented  by  Rockefellerism 
and  Morganism  and  Carnegieism,  and  Cannonism.  The 
man  who  thinks  he  is  popular  because  of  these  things 
mistakes    tolerance    and    forbearance    for   approval. 

Thank  God,  their  reign  of  unbridled  lust  and  power 
is  mighty  near  an  end ! 

Why  the  Pacific  Coast  and  inter-mountain  States  and 
cities  of  Denver,  Salt  Lake,  Butte,  Helena  and  Spokane 
should  be  plundered  by  inequitable  and  exorbitant  trans- 
portation rates,  like  the  assassin  holds  up  the  wayfarer 
at  the  point  of  a  gun,  is  inexplicable,  except  that  the 
"spread  of  the  light  of  science"  has  been  stopped;  and 
the  light  darkened  and  put  out  by  the  "favored  few," 
booted    and    spurred    ready    to    ride    them   illegitimately. 

Oh!  for  one,  just  one  defender  of  these  States  and 
cities  and  people,  among  all  our  twenty-three  Congress- 
men and  the  eighteen  trust  representatives  in  the  United 
States  Senate! 

For  one  Washington,  or  Jefferson,  or  Adams,  or  Jack- 
son, or  Clay,  or  Webster,  or  Calhoun,  to  defend  these 
nine  Western  States  from  the  extortoins  of  combinations 
by  railway  and  other  mdustrial  monopolies! 

Nay.  for  one,  for  only  one,  loyal  defender  of  the 
people  of  this  great  half  of  these  United  States,  like  a 
mighty    Webster,    a    Lincoln,    or    La    Follette,    to    fight 


The  Modern   Cit^ 


49 


tor   the   rights  of  the   great  common   people   and   defend 
pubhc   opinion. 

Human  slavery,  whether  it  be  through  money,  whisky 
or  industrial  debasement  of  citizenship  and  virtue  in 
our  modern  cities  throughout  the  nation,  through  the  lust 
and  extravagance  of  the  ignorant  and  new-rich,  must  not 
be  permitted  to  defraud  posterity  of  the  blessings  of  lib- 
erty and  Christian  righteousness,  purchased  with  the 
sacred  sufferings  and  blood  of  our  Forefathers. 

The  civilized  world  looks  to  us  to  keep  the  blood- 
bought  banner  of  constitutional  liberty  and  freedom  for- 
ever floating  in  the  breeze  as  a  signal  of  victorious  eman- 
cipation. And  if  we  permit  our  cities,  the  great  theaters 
of  public  opinion,  to  be  despoiled,  we  will  be  recreant 
to  the  trust  reposed  in  us,  and  our  government  will  suffer 
the  history  of  all  repubHcs. 

A  WARNING. 

To  the  shame  of  this  Republic,  founded  on  the 
teachings  of  the  Christ,  the  wrecks  and  experience  of 
history  and  the  principles  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence: At  the  coming  Yule-tide,  more  than  three 
million  people  in  American  cities  will  be  recipients  of 
charity,  before  they  can  enjoy  the  necessities,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  luxuries  of  the  season. 

Let  the  oppression  of  concentration  of  power  of  the 
past  and  present  generations  continue  fifty  years  more, 
and  that  three  million  will  have  grown  to  a  mighty 
host  that  will  refuse  to  be  the  recipients  of  charity,  but 
will  demand  their  constitutional  rights  of,  "Equal  rights 
to  all  and  special  privilege  to  none;"  and  it  will  take 
more  than  a  Caesarian  genius  to  re-establish  Liberty 
and   Freedom. 


N 


Sophistries  of 


Mayor  Rose 

Exposed 


SPEECH  OF  ADAM  DIXON  WARNER, 

Delivered    at    First    Methodist    Church    in    Salt    Lake 
City,   Utah.   December  5th,    1909,  in  answer  to  Mayor 
Rose  of  Milwaukee. 
FelloTv   Citizens: 

When  I  heard  Mayor  Rose  in  Chicago  last  spring 
defending  the  liquor  traffic  and  holding  up  Lincoln  as 
being  in  favor  of  it,  I  made  up  my  mind  then  that  I 
would  answer  that  speech  in  every  city  of  the  nation. 

It  is  not  with  vengeance  that  I  speak  against  these 
institutions  of  evil,  but  I  want  to  give  my  experience  with 
the  traffic  and  the  saloon  for  the  benefit  of  the  human 
race.  I  am  making  this  fight  against  the  institutions  of 
evil, — the  saloon  and  the  whisky  slavery,  and  the  in- 
vasion of  the  rights  and  liberties  of  the  people,  on  the 
same  broad  ground  that  Washington,  and  Jefferson,  and 
Franklin,  and  Adams,  and  Hamilton,  and  Patrick 
Henry,  and  Lloyd  Garrison,  and  Wendell  Phillips,  and 
Henry  Ward  Beecher,  and  the  Immortal  Lincoln,  and 
Grant,  fought  and  waged  war  against  that  other  slavery. 
— to  free  the  human  race.  Upon  the  broad  ground  of 
what  Lincoln  said  was  the  "real  issue  in  this  country, — 
the  eternal  struggle  between  these  two  principles — right 
and  wrong."  They  are  the  two  principles  that  have 
stood  face  lo  face  from  the  beginning  of  time,  and  will 
ever  continue  to  struggle. 

The  one  is  the  common  right  of  humanity,  and  the 
other  is  the  divine  right  of  kings.  1  he  one  is  equal  rights 
and  the  other  is  special  privileges.  It  is  the  same  prin- 
ciple in  whatever  shape  it  develops  itself.  It  is  the 
same  spirit  that  says,  "you  work  and  toil  and  earn  bread 
and  I'll  eat  it." 


The  Modern  Ci'/p  5  1 


What  slavery  said,  the  whisky  iraffic  and  the  saloon 
say,  you  work  and  toil  and  earn  bread  and  we'll  eat  it. 

My  fight  is  not  against  the  saloon-keeper,  he  is  but 
an  incident  in  the  argument.  My  quarrel  is  with  the 
saloon  and  the  traffic — the  system  that  has  dragged 
down  and  is  daily  dragging  down  the  brightest  minds  of 
the  nation.  I  personally  know  more  than  a  thousand  of 
my  boyhood  and  manhood  companions  and  acquaintances 
at  the  bar  and  other  professions  and  sciences  that  the 
accursed  traffic  and  its  agency,  the  saloon,  have  taken 
from  the  citadel  of  respected  citizenship  and  left  wrecks 
of  moral  depravity;  and  only  for  the  merciful  interven- 
tion of  my  Master  and  Savior,  I,  too,  long  ago  would 
have  been  numbered  among  its  victims. 

I  oppose  the  saloon  and  the  liquor  traffic  because  they 
are  opposing  the  higher  development  of  the  human  race. 
I  oppose  them  because  the  traffic  increased  during  the 
last  decade  thirty-nine  per  cent,  while  the  population  only 
increased  twenty-one  per  cent.  In  other  words,  the 
debasement  of  citizenship  increased  nearly  double  what 
citizenship  increased.  I  oppose  them  because  wine  and 
whisky  took  an  inch  from  the  French  race  in  a  hundred 
years,  and  its  ravages  have  increased  as  the  consumption 
has  increased  in  America. 

THE  SALOON   A  LEGALIZED  OUTLAW. 

I  oppose  them  because  the  Modern  Saloon  breeds  hate, 
not  love;  discord,  not  harmony.  It  populates  your  crim- 
inal courts  and  madhouses  and  jails,  and  depopulates 
your  schools  and  colleges  and  churches.  It  inveigles  the 
youth  from  the  schoolroom  to  the  race-track  and  reform- 
atory and  workhouse,  and  seduces  the  only  support  of 
a  widowed  mother  from  the  counting-room  to  the  bagnio 
and  the  gambling  hell. 

Alcohol's  constant  devitalization  of  the  nervous  sys- 
tem, and  its  agency, —  The  Modern  Saloon,  destroys  the 
power  of  resistance  through  every  stage  of  excitement, 
muscular  and  mental  weakness  and  unconsciousness,  and  ^ 
paralyzes  the  nerves  that  regulate  the  passage  of  blood 
through  the  capillaries.  It  deprives  the  machinery  of  life 
of  its  vital  force,  while  it  surges  the  blood  with  increased 
violence;  and  the  brain,  once  brilliant,  is  now  affected; 
the  will  is  weakened,  the  center  of  thought  overpowered; 
the  mind  bewildered  in  chaos  until  judgment  gives  way 
to  the  idle  vaporings  of  the  tongue,  unbridled  by  reason; 
power  of  discrimination  between  right  and  wrong  is  ob- 
scured; the  gloss  of  education,  refinement,  home,  and 
home's  training  and  social  restraint  are  all  lost;  and  the 
lower,  baser,  brutal  nature  stands  revealed,  overpowering 


i 


I 


52  The  Modern  Cify 

the  higher  mental  faculties,  just  as  weeds  in  the  garden 
smother  and  destroy  the  most  delicate  flower  and  prevent 
its  bloom.  In  the  meshes  of  its  debasing  influence,  the 
coward  is  more  craven,  the  braggart  more  boastful,  the 
cruel  more  vulture  like,  and  the  daring  more  bold  and 
law-defiant.  The  gambler,  the  bribe-taker  and  the  bribe 
giver,  the  burglar,  the  assassin  and  the  murderer — the 
welcome  guests  of  its  hospitality,  brazenly  assume  re- 
spectability to  hide  their  villainy. 

The  saloon  is  at  best  an  outlaw,  tolerated  by  the  suf- 
ferance of  society  in  which  it  exists.  Today  there  is  no 
more  reason  for  the  saloon  or  justification  for  its  exist- 
ence than  there  is  for  the  public  opium  den,  or  the  bagnio, 
or  the  gambling  hell.  It  is  no  more  nor  less  than  a  stall, 
or  stable,  designed  by  malevolence  and  cunning,  to  rob 
men  of  reason  and  money.  It  is  the  Devil's  automobile 
on  the  road  to  Hell,  with  the  saloonkeeper  as  chauffeur. 
As  the  burglar,  the  highwayman  and  assassin  run  from 
the  light  and  strike  their  deadly  blow  in  the  night,  so  does 
the  saloon  do  its  biggest  business  after  dark. 

Today,  in  every  city  in  the  West,  to  simulate  respecta- 
bility and  disguise  its  perfidy  it  slanders  and  dishonors 
an  honored  benevolent  organization,  across  whose  sands 
not  one  of  its  votaries  can  tread,  by  filching  from  it  the 
name  of  "Royal  Arch,"  and  is  engaged  in  the  mission 
of  double-dealing,  cajoling  and  threatening  public  of- 
ficials to  do  its  bidding,  and  is  as  dangerous  to,  and  de- 
structive of  honest  government  as  any  Mafia  that  ever 
existed  in  New  Orleans,  or  the  vilest  plague  spot  in  Italy. 

YOU  DONT   BELIEVE  ME  ! 

Ah,  look  yonder!  I  see  a  great  prison  over  yonder, 
and  I  see  somebody's  son  in  delirium,  hunger,  poverty, 
robbery,  larceny,  assassination  and  murder,  while  you 
are  splitting  hairs  about  means  and  methods.  If  you 
think  I  don't  know  what  I  am  talking  about,  let  me  say 
to  you  that  I  have  practiced  law,  patronized  the  saloon, 
and  have  been  pretty  closely  identified  with  politics  in 
the  West  nearly  all  my  life,  and  I  know  the  methods 
of  both  the  politician  and  the  saloon. 

And  if  it  were  the  last  words  I  were  to  utter,  I  would 
say  to  every  father,  mother,  sister  and  brother,  that  the 
accursed  saloon  is  the  most  debasing  and  destructive  force 
in  all  the  world. 

If,  on  my  death-bed,  I  had  the  choice  of  removing  one 
of  all  of  the  evils  of  the  world,  I  would  remove  the 
saloon,  and  be  satisfied  that  I  had  done  the  greatest 
service  to  mankind  that  had  been  done  since  the  days 
of  Jesus  of  Nazareth. 


The  Modern  Cit])  53 


Mothers!  Fathers!  Men!  Do  you  see  those  prison 
bars  yonder?  Think,  and  thin}(,  and  thinly,  and  then 
think  again!  And  then  act!  Your  relatives  or  friends 
may  have  a  son  behind  those  bars!  And  your  apathy  or 
your  action  may  have  put  him  there! 

There  are  200,000  inmates  in  those  awful  prisons  in 
the  United  States. 

To  the  Ballot!  To  the  Polls!  To  its  Limitation. 
To  its  Subjection  and  Control!  And  then  to  its  Oblit- 
eration. 

I  have  defended  a  thousand  men  for  crime,  and  I 
know  the  saloon  is  the  robber's  retreat,  the  housebreak- 
er's pawnshop,  the  burglar's  cache,  the  footpad's  fence, 
and  the  assassin's  alibi. 

INVADES  THE  SCHOOLS. 

I  have  seen  it  invade  the  educational  institution  and 
take  the  idol  of  a  mother's  heart  from  the  seat  of  learn- 
ing and  leave  him  a  pitiable  mass  of  depravity  in  the 
gutter.  I  have  seen  it  insinuate  itself  into  the  domestic 
circle  and  beguile  sweet  innocence  and  purity,  the  most 
perfect  adornment  of  society  and  the  home,  from  the 
happy  hearthstone  into  a  life  of  shame  and  dishonor. 

THE  SALOON  IN  POLITICS. 

Every  city  in  the  United  States  that  has  been  slan- 
dered and  disgraced  by  the  exposures  of  investigations 
has  been  the  victim  of  the  saloon  in  politics. 

SUGGESTS  A  REMEDY. 

I  have  been  asked  since  I  have  been  here  my  solution 
of  the  gambling  and  street-walking.  I  answer,  close  the 
saloon.  Hire  a  new  Chief  of  Police.  If  that  won't  do, 
hire  a  new  Mayor.  All  police  power  is  summary  power, 
and  once  you  let  the  law  violator,  the  gambler,  the 
soiled  woman  and  the  army  of  law-violators  that  thrive 
off  non-enforcement  of  law,  understand  that  the  police 
power  is  going  to  be  enforced,  you  will  have  to  get  a 
special  train  to  lake  them  out  of  town  fast  enough.  If 
you  don't  believe  it,  make  a  trip  to  Los  Angeles  and 
ask  the  present  Mayor  and  Chief  of  Police.  We  re- 
called a  Mayor  for  refusal  to  enforce  the  law,  and  hired 
a  new  Chief  of  Police.  Now  the  dens  of  infamy  and 
gambling  hells  are  closed,  and  the  saloonkeeper  who 
violates  the  law  loses  his  license,  and  his  place  is  closed, 
and  the  city  is  clean,  and  our  wives  and  sisters  are  safe. 


54  The   Modern   Citv 


And  today  Los  Angeles  is  the  model  Modern  City  of 
America. 

OFFICIAL  MALFEASANCE  IS  THE  GENIUS 
OF  DEGENERACY  OF  GOVERNMENT. 

Benjamin  Harrison  once  said: 

"As  the  citizen  may  not  elect  what  laws  he  shall 
obey,  neither  may  the  executive  elect  what  laws  he  shall 
enforce."  The  assumption  of  Mayors  and  Chiefs  of 
Police  and  other  officers  of  a  discretion  to  enforce  or  not 
enforce  a  law  they  have  solemnly  sworn  to  execute,  is  a 
fertile  and  ever-increasing  source  of  demoralization,  and 
should  be  rebuked  by  their  creators.  It  makes  law  un- 
certain, partial,  special,  unjust  and  a  mockery. 

The  Mayor  or  other  public  officer  who  refuses  to  en- 
force the  Constitution  and  the  laws  of  his  State,  and  hides 
behind  the  subterfuge  that  he  believes  in  "home  rule," 
does  as  much  violence  to  his  oath  of  office  as  any  other 
perjurer.  He  puts  his  own  personal  idea  or  interest  in 
the  place  of  the  lawmaker.  That  is  just  what  the  burglar 
or  assassin  does  when  he  executes  according  to  his  own 
will,  in  defiance  of  law. 

I  say  official  law-violation  is  the  worst  kmd  of  law- 
violation. 

Malfeasance  in  office  and  non-enforcement  of  law 
are  the  two  greatest  evils  in  civic  government.  And  my 
experience  of  thirty  years  as  a  lawyer  and  in  practical 
politics  is  that  the  dirty,  slimy,  insidious,  debasing  traffic 
in  alcohol,  and  its  agency,  the  modern  saloon,  are  more 
responsible   for  these  iniquities  than  all  other  influences. 

Official  lawlessness  is  the  most  intriguing  and  insidious 
evil  in  civil  government.  It  strikes  at  the  very  foundation 
of  government,  and  is  anarchy. 

The  public  officer  who  wilfully  betrays  his  trust  is  as 
guilty  of  treason  to  his  state  or  his  city  as  was  Benedict 
Arnold,  and  not  until  the  people  hold  public  officers  up 
to  a  strict  adherence  and  accountability,  will  betrayal  of 
public  trust  end. 

To  repress  lawlessness  and  elevate  the  moral  tone  of 
the  community  two  essentials  are  necessary.  The  first 
is  a  strong  controlling  public  opinion,  and  the  determined 
purpose  of  the  people  to  have  the  laws  enforced.  The 
moral  condition  of  a  community  will  not  rise  above  the 
sociological  force  behind  it.  A  community  can  have 
just  as  good  or  bad  government  as  it  wants.  If  it  permits 
civic  slavery  it  will  get  it. 


The  Modern   Cit\)  55 


SALOON  SLAVERY. 

As  Lincoln  condemned  the  other  slaverj'  on  moral 
grounds  as  a  crime  against  the  human  race,  I  condemn 
the  whisky  and  saloon  slavery  on  the  same  grounds,  and 
I  call  to  the  witness  stand  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States. 

"It  IS  not  necessary  to  array  the  appalhng  statistics 
of  misery,  pauperism,  and  crime  which  have  their  origin 
in  the  use  and  abuse  of  ardent  spirits  v  ^  -s^ 
If  a  loss  of  revenue  should  accrue  to  the  United  States 
from  a  diminished  consumption  of  ardent  spirits  she 
would  be  a  gainer  a  thousandfold  in  the  health,  wealth 
and  happiness  of  the  people." 

And  again,  when  the  saloon  was  m  question;  it  said: 
"There  are  few  sources  of  crime  and  misery  to  society 
equal  to  the  dram  shop,  where  intoxicating  liquors  in 
small  quantities,  to  be  drunk  at  the  time,  are  sold  indis- 
criminately to  all  parties  applying.  The  statistics  of 
every  state  show  a  greater  amount  of  crime  and  misery 
attributable  to  the  use  of  ardent  spirits  obtained  at  those 
retail  liquor  saloons  than  to  any  other  source." 

As  Lincoln  denounced  slavery  as  a  cancer  that  was 
sapping  the  vitals  of  the  nation,  I  oppose  the  saloon  on 
the  same  ground  that  Uncle  Sam,  the  State,  the  County, 
and  the  City  refuse  to  allow  saloons  to  operate  when 
they  are  transacting  the  business  of  the  franchise  with 
the  people.  There  is  not  a  state,  county  or  city  or  hamlet 
in  the  Union  that  will  permit  the  dirty  traffic  to  operate 
on  election  day,  when  the  voter  exercises  his  franchise. 
Why?  Because  they  know  that  whisky  deprives  him  of 
honest  judgment  and  citizenship. 

A  MORAL  REVOLUTION. 

This  fight  is  a  moral  revolution  to  regenerate  the 
human  race,  and  revolutions  never  go  backwards.  They 
are  irresistible  and  final.  This  fight  is  the  business 
man's  fight.  Tlie  business  man,  the  employer  of  labor, 
and  the  trades  unions,  the  laborers  themselves,  have 
learned  that  ardent  spirits  destroy  man's  efficiency  and 
earning  capacity.  They  have  learned  that  the  saloon 
and  drink  have  driven  many  a  strong  man  to  poverty 
and  crime.  The  lawyers  and  doctors  have  learned  that 
whisky  is  a  poison.  The  athletes  have  learned  that  they 
cannot  retain  physical  vigor  and  drink  whisky.  Ask  any 
of  them.  It  has  taken  that  modern  Hercules,  Jeffries,  a 
year  and  a  half  before  he  dare  meet  the  negro,  Johnson. 
Why,  I  could  have  licked  him  myself  a  year  ago. 

Today  there  is  hardly  a  railroad  corporation,  or  indus- 


56  The  Modern   Cit^ 


trial  manager  that  will  employ  a  man  who  drinks  on 
duty,  and  some  of  them  will  not  employ  a  man  who 
drinks  at  all.  Some  of  the  greatest  industrial  institutions 
will  not  tolerate  drinking  at  all,  whether  on  or  off  duty. 
The  business  man  of  today  wants  the  best  brains  he  can 
get. 

The  business  man  has  learned,  as  I  have  learned,  after 
an  experience  of  thirty  years  as  a  patron  of  it,  that  the 
saloon  is  an  institution  of  evi7. 

THE  MODERN  SALOON. 

Do  you  know  what  one  saloon  to  every  1 ,000  people 
means? 

It  means  one  saloon  to  every  200  men.  About  60 
per  cent  of  the  men  drink,  or  every  saloon  will  have  I  20 
patrons.  The  receipts  will  average  about  $60  a  day. 
Tliat  is  50  cents  spent  by  each  patron;  or  in  365  days 
$182.50  is  spent  by  each  patron  for  ardent  spirits. 

Did  it  ever  occur  to  you  what  that  money,  that  you 
have  given  to  the  saloonkeeper  would  do,  at  interest  com- 
pounded for  twenty  years?      Go  home  and  figure  it  out. 

Did  it  ever  occur  to  you  that  you  can  refurnish  a  home 
of  the  average  working  man  with  that  $182.50? 

Did  it  ever  occur  to  you  that  it  would  buy  thirty  bar- 
rels of  flour,  or  sixty  pairs  of  warm  woolen  blankets,  or 
all  the  groceries  and  meats  for  a  family  of  five  working 
people   for  a  year? 

Or  pay  the  rent  of  a  comfortable  cottage  for  a  year? 

Or  in  five  years  it  would  pay  for  a  snug  lot  and  com- 
fortable cottage? 

You  say:  "That  never  occurred  to  me." 

Did  it  ever  occur  to  you  that  the  saloonkeeper  has  the 
snug  lots  and  several  cottages,  and  an  automobile? 

What  have  you  got? 

You  have  got  a  destroyed  stomach,  indigestion,  weak- 
ened intellect,  a  red  nose,  and  a  ticket  to  Hell,  if  you 
don't    lool(   out! 

But  Rose  says  you  have  helped  the  corn  market. 

Let  me  show  you  what  you  have  done. 

One  bushel  of  corn  makes  four  gallons  of  whisky  that 
retails  at  $16.80.  Out  of  that  the  farmer  gets  50 
cents,  the  railroads  get  80  cents,  the  manufacturer  gets 
$4,  the  government  gets  $4.40.  and  the  saloonkeeper 
gets   $7.10. 

And  \)oii  get  diunlf.  And  your  children  have  to  stay 
from  school  for  the  want  of  clothes,  and  your  wife  wears 
a  calico  dress  and  you  walk :  while  the  saloonkeeper  with 
your  seven  dollars  rides. 


The  Modern  Ci/p  57 


I  say  the  whisky  traffic  and  the  saloon  are  founded  on 
injustice  and  bad  policy,  to  every  human  being,  except 
those  who  make  it  and  sell  it.  In  addition  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  Nation,  I  summon  the  Supreme 
Court  of  every  State  in  the  Union;  I  summon  the  two 
hundred  thousand  prisoners,  the  two  hundred  thousand 
insane,  the  million  paupers,  the  two  million  schoolless, 
hungry,  ragged  children.  The  million  inmates  of  the 
almshouses  and  workshops  and  reformatories ;  the  twelve 
million  wives  and  children  who  are  denied  the  luxuries 
and  necessaries  of  life.  The  five  million  workmen  who 
are  robbed  of  their  earnings  by  this  accursed  traffic.  Nay, 
I  summon  that  splendid  army  of  preachers,  the  teachers 
and  lawyers,  and  doctors;  and  all  the  wives  and  mothers 
of  this  nation,  to  prove  that  the  Supreme  Court  spoke 
the  truth  when  it  denounced  this  frightful  scourge  to  the 
human  race. 

I  call  the  billion  and  a  half  dollars  that  came  out  of 
the  pockets  of  the  toilers — the  wage  earners — last  year, 
that  was  earned  for  bread  and  clothes  and  education, 
but  went  for  whisky  and  destruction. 

I  want  to  call  the  Immortal  Lincoln  as  a  witness.  I 
want  to  prove  to  the  people  of  Salt  Lake,  and  the  entire 
Lnited  States  that  Mayor  Rose's  attempt  to  bolster  up 
his  defense  of  the  saloon  and  the  accursed  liquor  traffic 
with  the  aid  of  Abraham  Lincoln  was  a  base  libel  and 
a  slander  against  the  name  of  one  of  the  world's  great- 
est patriots. 

I  am  told  that  Mr.  Rose  did  here  just  what  he  did 
in  Chicago.  That  he  cited  the  House  Journal  of  1839- 
40  of  the  records  of  the  Secretary  of  State  of  Illinois 
to  create  the  impression  and  prove  that  Lincoln  was  in 
favor  of  the  saloon  and  the  liquor  traffic. 

The  fact  is  that  all  that  record  discloses  (and  I  have 
a  transcript  of  Mr.  Rose's  statement  of  the  record)  that 
Mr.  Lmcoln  made  a  motion  to  lay  an  amendment  on 
the  table.  Now,  Rose  knows,  and  every  lawyer,  poli- 
tician and  parliamentarian;  nearly  every  layman  and 
schoolboy  knows,  that  such  a  motion  could  have  no  other 
effect  than  to  lay  the  whole  subject  matter  on  the  table. 
And  the  act  was  "An  Act  to  Regulate  Tavern  and  Gro- 
cery Licenses."  Such  a  thing  as  the  accursed,  insidious, 
present-dav  saloon  was  unknown  at  that  time.  The 
entire  traffic  was  done  in  the  tavern  and  grocery.  Again. 
Mr.  Lincoln  at  that  time  was  a  mere  boy.  but  thirty 
years  of  age,   and  his  experience  was  somewhat  limited. 

But  three  years  later,  in  1842,  listen  to  what  Mr. 
Lincoln  said  in  his  Memorial  day  address,  before  the 
Springfield  Washingtonian  Temperance  Society,  Febru- 
ary 22nd,   1842,  delivered  in  what  he  believed  to  be  the 


I 


I 


58  The  Modern   Ci/p 


most  sacred  hour  of  his  lile — Washington's  birth- 
day. And  one  would  think  he  was  talking  of  present- 
day  conditions. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  LINCOLN. 

He  said:  "Although  the  temperance  cause  has  been 
in  progress  for  nearly  twenty  years,  it  is  apparent  to  all 
that  it  is  just  now  being  crowned  with  a  degree  of  success 
hitherto  unparalleled. 

"The  list  of  its  friends  is  daily  swelled  by  the  addi- 
tions of  fifties,  of  hundreds  and  of  thousands.  The  cause 
itself  seems  suddenly  transformed  from  a  cold  abstract 
theory  to  a  living,  breathing,  active  and  powerful  chief- 
tain, going  forth  'conquering  and  to  conquer.'  The 
citadels  of  his  great  adversary  are  daily  being  stormed 
and  dismantled;  his  temples  and  his  altars,  where  the 
rites  of  idolatrous  worship  have  long  been  performed, 
and  where  human  sacrifices  have  long  been  wont  to  be 
made,  are  daily  desecrated  and  deserted.  The  triumph 
of  the  conqueror's  fame  is  sounding  from  hill  to  hill, 
from  sea  to  sea,  and  from  land  to  land,  and  calling 
millions  to  his  standard  at  a  blast.  f-  '^  'f-  Xhe 
preacher,  it  is  said,  advocates  temperance  because  he  is 
a  fanatic,  and  desires  a  union  of  the  church  and  state; 
the  lawyer  from  his  pride  of  hearing  himself  speak;  and 
the  hired  agent  for  his  salary.  But  when  one  has  long 
been  known  as  a  victim  of  intemperance  bursts  the  fetters 
that  have  bound  him  and  appears  before  his  neighbors, 
'clothed  and  in  his  right  mind,'  a  redeemed  specimen 
of  long  lost  humanity,  and  stands  up,  with  tears  of  joy 
trembling  in  his  eyes,  to  tell  of  the  miseries  once  endured, 
now  to  be  endured  no  more  forever;  of  his  once  naked 
and  starving  children,  now  clad  and  fed  comfortably;  of 
a  wife  long  weighed  down  by  woe,  weeping  and  a  broken 
heart,  now  restored  to  health,  happiness  and  renewed 
affection;  and  how  easily  it  is  all  done;  how  simple  his 
language;  there  is  a  logic  and  an  eloquence  in  it  that 
few  with  human    feelings  can   resist.      '^      '^      ^ 

''Whether  or  not  the  H'orld  would  he  vasth  benefited 
hv  a  total  and  final  banishment  from  it  of  all  intoxicating 
drinl(s  seems  to  me  not  non'  an  open  question.  Three- 
fourths  of  manlfmd  confess  the  affirmative  n^ith  their 
tongues,  and  I  believe  all  the  rest  aclcnowledge  it  in  their 
hearts.        -v      *      * 

"For  the  man  suddenly,  or  in  any  other  way,  to  break 
off  from  the  use  of  drams  who  has  indulged  in  them  for 
a  long  course  of  years,  and  until  his  appetite  for  them  has 
grown  ten,  or  a  hundredfold  stronger  and  more  craving 
than  any  natural  appetite  can  be.  requires  a  most  power- 


The  Modern   Cily  59 


ful  moral  effort.  In  such  an  undertaking  he  needs 
ever]}  moral  support  and  influence  thai  can  possibly  be 
brought  to  his  aid,  and  ihroivn  around  him.  And  not 
only  so,  but  every  moral  prop  should  be  tal(en  from  what- 
ever argument  might  rise  in  his  mind  to  lure  him  to  his 
bacl(slidmg.  When  he  casts  his  eyes  around  him,  he 
should  he  able  to  see  all  that  he  respects,  all  that  he 
admires,  all  thai  he  loves,  ffindly  and  anxiously  pointing 
him  onward,  and  none  becl^oning  him  back  to  his  former 
miserable  'wallowing  in  the  mire.'      *      *      ^ 

"The  demon  of  intemperance  ever  seems  to  have  gone 
forth  hke  an  Egyptian  angel  of  death,  commissioned  to 
slay,  if  not  the  first,  the  fairest  born  of  every  family. 
Shall  he  now  be  arrested  in  his  desolating  career?  In 
that  arrest,  all  can  give  aid  that  will;  and  who  shall  be 
excused  that  can  and  will  not?  Far  around  as  human 
breath  has  ever  blown  he  keeps  our  fathers,  our  brothers, 
our  sons  and  our  friends  prostrate  in  the  chains  of 
moral  death.  *  *  *  Jf  the  relative  grandeur  of 
revolutions  shall  be  estimated  by  the  great  amount  of 
human  misery  they  alleviate,  and  the  small  amount  they 
inflict,  then  indeed  will  this  be  the  grandest  the  world 
shall  have  ever  seen.      ^      *      ^ 

"In  the  temperance  revolution  we  shall  find  a  stronger 
bondage  broken,  a  viler  slavery  manumitted,  a  greater 
tyrant  deposed ;  in  it  more  want  supplied,  more  disease 
healed,  more  sorrow  assuaged.  By  it  no  orphans  starv- 
ing, no  widows  weeping.  By  it  none  wounded  in  feeling, 
none  injured  in  interests.  Even  the  drammaker  and 
dramseller  will  have  glided  into  other  occupations  so 
gradually  as  never  to  have  felt  the  change,  and  will  stand 
ready  to  join  all  others  in  the  universal  song  of  glad- 
ness. And  what  a  noble  ally  this  for  the  cause  of  polit- 
ical freedom;  with  such  an  aid  its  march  cannot  fail  to 
be  on  and  on,  until  every  son  of  earth  shall  drink  in 
rich  fruition  the  sorrow-quenching  draughts  of  perfect 
liberty.  Happy  day  when  all  appetites  controlled,  all 
passions  subdued,  all  matter  subjected-  mind  all  con- 
quering mind,  shall  live  and  move  the  monarch  of 
the  world.  Glorious  consummation.  Hail  fall  of  fury! 
Reign  of  reason,  all  hail!" 

Now,  if  that  is  not  a  sufficient  prohibition  speech  for 
Mr.  Rose  and  the  brewers  and  distillers  and  saloonkeep- 
ers and  barkeepers  and  bawdyhouse  keepers,  I  don't  know 
what  they  want.  It's  a  better  one  than  I  can  make,  or  I 
ever  heard  anyone  else  make.  To  mv  mind,  it  is  hot 
enough  to  drive  the  traffic,  saloons,  breweries,  distilleries 
and  death  houses  and  Mr.  Rose,  clear  down  to  the 
place  where  Rose  will  surely  go,  if  he  does  not  repent 
for  slandering  Lincoln. 


I 


60  The  Modern  Cit^ 

Rose  says:  "That  he  searched  through  all  of  the 
writings  and  all  that  has  been  written  about  Lincoln, 
to  find  where  Mr.  Lincoln  had  ever  said  anything  on 
the  subject  of  prohibition."  and  leaves  the  impression 
and  struggles  to  create  the  impression  that  Lincoln  was 
in  favor  of  the  liquor  traffic; — when  if  he  had  been 
as  honest  with  the  public  as  he  was  zealous  for  his 
employers,  he  would  have  looked  on  pages  261,  275, 
Vol.  I ,  Centennial  Edition  of  writings  of  Lincoln,  pub- 
lished in  1905;  and  on  page  279  of  the  same  book 
where  Mr.  Lincoln  himself,  in  a  letter  to  Joshua  Speed 
says;  "that  his  speech  was  published  in  the  Sangamon 
Journal."  And  if  Mayor  Rose  had  half  looked  in 
the  State  House  in  Springfield,  Ills.,  he  would  have 
found  the  Sangamon  Journal  on  file  containing  the  full 
speech  from  which  these  quotations  are  extracts. 

What  do  you  good  Republicans  and  Democrats  and 
Mormons  and  Jews  and  Gentiles  think  Lincoln  would 
do  with  your  one  hundred  and  fifty  licensed  saloons 
and  dens  of  infamy  in  Salt  Lake  City) 

What  do  you  think  now,  of  the  slanderous  and 
libelous  tongues  that  have  gone  about  the  country 
falsely  holding  up  America's  patron  saint  if  it  ever 
had  one, — Abraham  Lincoln,  as  being  in  favor  of 
their  nefarious  liquor  traffic  1* 

Do  you  suppose  that  the  greatest  humanitarian  of 
history  would  refuse  to  support  his  sentiments  as  ex- 
pressed in  this  speech,  if  he  were  on  earth  today? 
Do  you  suppose  that  he  would  not  be  in  the  vanguard 
defending  the  home,  the  church,  the  library  and  the 
school  and  the  fireside,  against  the  frightful  carnage  of 
this  traffic,  when  he  realized  that  the  consumption  of 
alcoholic  liquors  had  risen  to  nineteen  and  a  third  gal- 
lons for  every  man,  woman  and  child;  and  was  "des- 
troying the  health,  wealth  and  happiness  of  the  people." 

PERSONAL  LIBERTY. 

Mayor  Rose  talks  about  personal  liberty?  What 
becomes  of  your  personal  liberty  when  you  disobey 
your  police,  health  or  fire  ordinances?  His  misleading 
and  fallacious  "personal  liberty"  argument  may  delude 
and  mislead  the  ignorant,  so  his  clients  may  further 
and  longer  live  off  their  hard-earned  wages,  that  should 
go  to  buy  clothes  and  bread  and  education  instead 
of  whisky;  but  his  personal  liberty  argument  is  fully 
answered  by  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  in  the  case  of  Crowlev  vs.  Christensen, 
from  mv  own  State,  California;  decided  in  1  37  U.  S. 
page  87. 


The  Modern  Cit^  61 


It  is  not  personal  liberty  that  Mayor  Rose  is  plead- 
ing for.  It  is  not  more  personal  liberty  that  the  dis- 
tiller, brewer  and  saloonkeeper  want,  but  it  is  special 
privilege,  to  make  money  out  of  the  other  fellow's  per- 
sonal liberty.  They  want  special  privilege  to  make 
a  living  out  of  the  money  the  other  fellow  has  earned 
for  bread. 

This  is  the  same  argument  that  the  other  slave-hol- 
ders used  to  Wendell  Phillips,  Henry  Ward  Beecher 
and  Lincoln;  and  Lincoln  answered  them,  "that  their 
slavery  was  a  cancer  eating  out  the  vitals  of  the  nation ; 
and  he  answered  them  with  the  Proclamation  of 
Emancipation. 

Mr.  Rose  says  that  prohibition  does  not  prohibit. 
Let  him  read  the  charge  to  the  Grand  Jury  of  the 
Southern  District  of  Georgia,  by  Judge  Speer.  of 
February  27th,  1908,  reported  in  162  Federal  Re- 
porter,  page    736,    where  he   says: 

"Already  the  most  astounding  benefits  have  been 
experienced  by  the  people  at  large  from  the  Prohibi- 
tion Law.  Why,  even  the  dumb  brutes,  who  have 
been  subjected  to  the  service  of  man,  would  if  they 
could  thank  God  for  prohibition.  The  hard-driving  and 
neglect  of  the  drunken  negro  and  drunken  white  man 
as  well,  have  been  succeeded  by  kindliness  and  atten- 
tion. The  State  of  Georgia  in  twelve  months  will  gain 
incalculable  advantages  in  improvement."  '^  *  * 
"The  Police  Courts  of  such  great  cities  as  Macon, 
Augusta  and  Atlanta,  when  contrasted  with  their  for- 
mer methods,  have  practicallv  gone  out  of  business." 
*  *  *  "In  a  short  time  after  the  abolition  of  the 
liquor  traffic  in  the  noble  city  of  Athens,  I  have  seen 
the  drunkard  reformed  and  reconsecrated  to  his  duties 
of  manhood,  his  dingy  house  repainted,  his  fences  re- 
builded.    his   once   pathetic   barefoot   dirty   little   children  ; 

clean,  well-clothed,  well-shod  and  well-fed,  with  bright 
eyes  hastening  to  school,  and  the  wife,  whose  once  worn 
and  wasted  features,  in  the  happiness  and  pride  of  his 
resurrection,  had  regained  the  loveliness  and  charm  of 
youth." 

Let  him  write  to  the  Governor  of  Kansas,  or  to  the 
mayors  of  the  hundreds  of  cities  that  have  put  the  saloon 
out  of  business!  Or  to  the  Presidents  of  the  railways, 
or   general  managers  of  industrial   institutions. 

Which  will  vou  believe:  the  United  States  District 
Judge  of  the  Southern  District  of  Georgia  performing 
his  sacred  duty  from  the  bench  to  the  Grand  Jury;  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  and  Abraham  Lin- 
coln and  the  presidents  of  the  railways  of  the  country, 
or    will    vou    believe    Mayor    Rose    on    the    platform    as 


oJ  The  Modem  Ci/v 


the   moulh-piece  oi   the   Liquor   Dealers   Association   of 
America? 

ROSE  SOPHISTRIES  EXPOSED. 

Mr.  Rose  asks  the  business  men  of  the  country  if 
the  mdustry  does  not  pay  into  the  treasury  two  hun- 
dred and  twenty- three  million:  and  eighty-four  million 
into  the  city  treasuries?  I  ask  the  business  men  if  they 
would  not  rather  have  had  that  amount  spent  in  the 
regular  channels  of  trade  that  did  not  produce  want 
and  hunger:  ftiat  had  to  be  cared  for  by  the  chanties 
of  the  real  business  men  of  the  nation?  I  ask  where 
that  two  hundred  and  twenty-three  milhon  came  from? 
Did  K  not  come  out  of  the  toiler  amd  wage-earner:  and 
deprive  their  \N-ives  and  children  of  the  necessities  of 
life  that  should  have  been  bought  from  tlie  real  busi- 
ness man  through  the  regular  channels  of  trade? 

I  ask.  if  ihat  vast  sum  and  the  billion  and  a  half 
more  that  the  traffic  took  from  the  \\-ives  amd  children 
of  the  nation  and  gave  absolutely  nothing  m  return,  but 
sorrow,  want  and  death,  had  not  been  spent  for  hoozc 
vvould  it  not  have  been  spent  for  homes  and  lumber. 
hardware,  more  bread,  groceries,  meat.  wool,  cotton, 
leather,   furniture,  carpets  and  all  the  ncessities  of  life? 

I  ask  the  business  man  if  this  would  not  have  been 
better  than  to  have  had  it  spent  over  the  bars  of  the 
nation,  where  it  produced  nir»ety  per  cent  of  the 
pauperism,  eighty  per  cent  of  crime,  forty-five  per  cent 
of  lunacy  cmd  thirty-five  per  cent  of  idiocy  and  in- 
creased your  burdens  of  taxation  and  irKreased  the  cost 
of  the  administration  of  justice  and  never,  never 
erected  one  schoolhouse.  or  one  college  or  one  univer- 
sity or  made  one  home  brighter  and  happier? 

Do  you  not  know  that  every  arrest  for  drunkenness 
in  the  nation  costs  the  business  man  nine  dollars  and  ever> 
conviction  costs  you  fortv-five  dollar?? 

There  were  two  hundred  thousand  prisoners.  t\%'o  hun- 
dred thousand  insane,  and  two  million  in  the  work- 
houses and  reformatories  last  year  that  had  to  be  cared 
for  by  the  business  man.  How?  Either  by  taxation 
or   through  your  charity  or  both? 

How  do  you  hke  the  looks  of  it,  Mr.  Busmess  Man? 

W  .ANTS  TO  M.AKE  BUSINESS. 

I  don't  want  to  destroy  business.  I  want  to  make 
business.  I  want  to  turn  the  stream  of  gold  that  now 
runs  into  the  brewery  and  distillery  and  salooo  and 
>ice.   into   the   bakery    for   bread:    and   the  butcher  shop 


The  Modern  Cit})  63 


and  store  and  sclioolhouso,  to  make  busniess  that  makes 
better  men  and  women  and  makes  character.  The  sa- 
loon IS  not  a  busniess  uistitution.  and  the  saloonkeeper 
IS  not  a  busmess  man.  Listen  to  what  the  C  ourts  say; 
"The  law  places  barrooms  and  tippling  houses  on  a 
footing  ol  tolerance  onl\),  and  an  applicant  tor  a  license 
IS  not  to  be  regarded  as  a  business  man  proposing  to 
engage     in    any    lawtul     business." — District     Court     of 


C  olumbia. 


RAISIN  SANDWICHES. 


Rose  asks,  what  will  become  ol  the  products  of  the 
farms  that  go  into  the  wines  and  liquors?  I  answer 
him  that  the  graperaiser  in  my  state  will  turn  the  22 
per  cent  of  sugar  in  the  grape  into  a  lood  product:  to 
feed  the  soldiers  and  laborers.  And  the  school  children 
will  eat  raisin  bread  and  sandwiches  and  be  healthier 
and  better,  just  as  the  English  children  and  the  Ger- 
man soldiers  are  now  using  sugar,  instead  of  alcoholic 
liquors. 

FUEL   VALUE   OF   RAISINS. 

"A  comparison  ot  the  fuel  value  ol  raisins  with  that 
ol  other  fruits  is  surprising  to  most  people.  The  fuel 
value,  per  pound,  in  calories  of  raisins  is  1 200.  of 
bananas  380.  ol  grapes  360.  of  oranges  225.  of  apples 
230.  of  strawberries  180  and  of  watermelons  135. 
And  in  fuel  value  beefsteak  is  only  975  as  compared 
with  1 200  for  raisins.  Raisins  will  keep  you  warm 
on  the  coldest  day."  ff'/n'/c  Uliislcv  ))'///  mal(c  \)oii 
cold. 

HEAL'IMFUL  FOOD  FOR  CHILDREN. 

"For  children,  raisins  mark  the  dividing  lino  be- 
tween bread  and  cake.  A  handful  of  raisins  will  trans- 
form porridge  into  dessert  and  make  delicious  bread 
pudding  out  ol  stale  scraps  of  bread.  Plum  buns — 
that  cherished  dainty  of  childhood — are  plain  bread 
with  a  little  ol  butter — and  plenty  of  raisins.  In  every 
well-to-do  English  household  raisin  or  currant  loal  is 
an  important  part  of  the  children's  luncheon  or  tea,  and 
to  the  free  use  of  it  is  ascribed  much  ol  the  vigorous 
health  for  which  British  youth  are  noted.  Raisins  are 
lo\ed  by  all  children  for  the  grape  sugar  contained  in 
them — and  there  is  nothing  better  lor  them." 

The    English    people    use    more    than    ten    times    per 


64  The  Modern  Cit\) 


capita,  in  dried  fruits  than  do  the  people  of  America. 
I  say,  that  if  we  feed  our  soldiers,  young  men  and 
boys  and  girls  more  fruit  and  vegetable  sugar,  and  less 
whisky,  we  will  have  better  men  and  women  and  higher 
citizenship. 

The  grain  and  farm  products  that  now  go  into 
alcohol  will  be  turned  into  bread  and  johnny-cake  and 
food  for  the  millions  of  children  now  starving  and 
hungry  and  ragged,  unclothed,  unkempt  and  unclean, 
because   of   the    accursed    liquor   traffic   and   the   saloons. 

The  brewers  and  distillers  will  turn  their  "morgues" 
into  industrial  factories,  making  more  furniture  and 
stoves  and  clothes  and  carpets  and  denatured  alcohol 
for  power  to  run  power  drills  in  the  mines  and  saw- 
mills in  the  woods;  for  the  bartenders  and  laborers 
that  Rose  says  will  be  thrown  out  of  employment,  to 
operate  and  run  the  engines ;  to  plow  the  land  and 
harvest  the  crops  of  trees  and  grains  and  fruits  and 
vegetables  and  cotton  and  wool  and  hides  that  the 
saloonkeeper  will  be  raismg,  mstead  of  raising  crops 
of  thieves  and  burglars  and  drunkards, — and  "raising 
hell."  And  as  Lincoln  said,  "Will  have  glided  into 
other  occupations  so  gradually  as  to  never  have  felt 
the  change  and  will  stand  ready  to  jom  all  others  in 
the  universal  song  of  gladness." 

HAPPY  CHILDREN. 

He  asks  what  will  become  of  the  hundred  and 
nine  million  that  was  paid  to  the  farmers?  I  answer, 
it  will  go.  into  bread  to  feed  the  children  that  were 
formerly  playing  in  the  alleys  and  eating  the  refuse  of 
our  cities,  dirty  and  hungry;  and  are  now  eating  three 
meals  a  day,  well-dressed,  well-shod  and  attending 
school  along  with  your  children  and  with  my  children. 

Mr.  Rose  asks  what  will  take  the  place  of  the 
fifty-six  million  paid  in  labor  last  year?  I  answer  it 
will  go  to  the  saloonkeeper,  now  turned  into  an  honest 
farmer,  or  miner,  or  apple  or  vegetable  raiser;  or  wheat, 
or  sheepraiser,  doing  good  instead  of  working  evil  to 
the  nation,  to  the  state  and  to  the  city,  and  to  his  family 
and  himself. 

It  will  go  to  the  bartender  as  an  honest  carpenter, 
stonecutter,  mason,  or  plasterer  in  building  homes  for 
the  same  fellow  who  was  a  fool  last  year  burning  up 
money  for  whisky — money  that  belonged  to  his  wife 
and  children  for  bread, — that  made  him  an  idler  and 
a  loafer  and  forced  them  ?>11  to  want. 

Some  of  it  will  go  to  dress  and  educate  the  little 
children  who  were   formerly  in  ignorance  and  rags,  now 


The  Modern  Cii)) 


65 


become  bright  and  happy,  to  become  Lincolns  and 
JefFersons  and  Washingtons  and  Bryans  and  Roose- 
velts  and  La  Follettes  and  JuHa  Ward  Howes  and 
Susan  B.  Anthonys  and  Frances  Willards  and  Phoebe 
A.  Hearsts  and  Mrs.  Stanfords  and  Mrs.  BalHngton 
Booths  and  Helen  Goulds,  and  redeem  this  nation 
from  a  prospective  and  inevitable  destruction,  to  a  loftier 
higher  civilization  that  shall  guide  and  illumine  the 
pathway  of  all  the  peoples  of  the  earth,  to  that  end  for 
which  our  fathers  fought  and  bled  and  died  and  the 
lowly  Nazarene  came  to  earth  to  consummate. 


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